Get the lowdown on the key pieces of Bootstrap's infrastructure, including our approach to better, faster, stronger web development.

HTML5 doctype

Bootstrap makes use of certain HTML elements and CSS properties that require the use of the HTML5 doctype. Include it at the beginning of all your projects.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  ...
</html>

Mobile first

With Bootstrap 2, we added optional mobile friendly styles for key aspects of the framework. With Bootstrap 3, we've rewritten the project to be mobile friendly from the start. Instead of adding on optional mobile styles, they're baked right into the core. In fact, Bootstrap is mobile first. Mobile first styles can be found throughout the entire library instead of in separate files.

To ensure proper rendering and touch zooming, add the viewport meta tag to your <head>.

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

You can disable zooming capabilities on mobile devices by adding user-scalable=no to the viewport meta tag. This disables zooming, meaning users are only able to scroll, and results in your site feeling a bit more like a native application. Overall, we don't recommend this on every site, so use caution!

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">

Typography and links

Bootstrap sets basic global display, typography, and link styles. Specifically, we:

Set background-color: #fff; on the body
Use the @font-family-base, @font-size-base, and @line-height-base attributes as our typographic base
Set the global link color via @link-color and apply link underline, but it dissapears on :hover

These styles can be found within scaffolding.less.

Normalize.css

For improved cross-browser rendering, we use Normalize.css, a project by Nicolas Gallagher and Jonathan Neal.

Containers

Bootstrap requires a containing element to wrap site contents and house our grid system. You may choose one of two containers to use in your projects. Note that, due to padding and more, neither container is nestable.

Use .container for a responsive fixed width container.

<div class="container">
  ...
</div>

Use .container-fluid for a full width container, spanning the entire width of your viewport.

<div class="container-fluid">
  ...
</div>

Bootstrap includes a responsive, mobile first fluid grid system that appropriately scales up to 12 columns as the device or viewport size increases. It includes predefined classes for easy layout options, as well as powerful mixins for generating more semantic layouts.

Introduction

Grid systems are used for creating page layouts through a series of rows and columns that house your content. Here's how the Bootstrap grid system works:

Rows must be placed within a .container (fixed-width) or .container-fluid (full-width) for proper alignment and padding.
Use rows to create horizontal groups of columns.
Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows.
Predefined grid classes like .row and .col-xs-4 are available for quickly making grid layouts. Less mixins can also be used for more semantic layouts.
Columns create gutters (gaps between column content) via padding. That padding is offset in rows for the first and last column via negative margin on .rows.
The negative margin is why the examples below are outdented. It's so that content within grid columns is lined up with non-grid content.
Grid columns are created by specifying the number of twelve available columns you wish to span. For example, three equal columns would use three .col-xs-4.
If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line.
Grid classes apply to devices with screen widths greater than or equal to the breakpoint sizes, and override grid classes targeted at smaller devices. Therefore, e.g. applying any .col-md-* class to an element will not only affect its styling on medium devices but also on large devices if a .col-lg-* class is not present.

Look to the examples for applying these principles to your code.

Media queries

We use the following media queries in our Less files to create the key breakpoints in our grid system.

/* Extra small devices (phones, less than 768px) */
/* No media query since this is the default in Bootstrap */

/* Small devices (tablets, 768px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { ... }

/* Medium devices (desktops, 992px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) { ... }

/* Large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { ... }

We occasionally expand on these media queries to include a max-width to limit CSS to a narrower set of devices.

@media (max-width: @screen-xs-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) and (max-width: @screen-sm-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) and (max-width: @screen-md-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { ... }

Grid options

See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table.

	Extra small devices Phones (<768px)	Small devices Tablets (≥768px)	Medium devices Desktops (≥992px)	Large devices Desktops (≥1200px)
Grid behavior	Horizontal at all times	Collapsed to start, horizontal above breakpoints
Container width	None (auto)	750px	970px	1170px
Class prefix	`.col-xs-`	`.col-sm-`	`.col-md-`	`.col-lg-`
# of columns	12
Column width	Auto	~62px	~81px	~97px
Gutter width	30px (15px on each side of a column)
Nestable	Yes
Offsets	Yes
Column ordering	Yes

Example: Stacked-to-horizontal

Using a single set of .col-md-* grid classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on mobile devices andtablet devices (the extra small to small range) before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices. Place grid columns in any .row.

.col-md-1

.col-md-8

.col-md-4

.col-md-6

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-8">.col-md-8</div>
  <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
  <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
  <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
  <div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
</div>

Half grids - 24 columns Visma

In case you need more columns and less wider, you can use half grids. For example .col-md-0-5 has half of the width of .col-md-1 and so on, until .col-md-11-5. This are available for .col-xs-*, .col-sm-*, .col-md-* and .col-lg-*

0-5

.col-md-7-5

.col-md-4-5

.col-md-3-5

.col-md-2-5

.col-md-3-5

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-0-5">.col-md-0-5</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-7-5">.col-md-7-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-4-5">.col-md-4-5</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-3-5">.col-md-3-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-2-5">.col-md-2-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-2-5">.col-md-2-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-3-5">.col-md-3-5</div>
</div>

Example: Fluid container

Turn any fixed-width grid layout into a full-width layout by changing your outermost .container to .container-fluid.

<div class="container-fluid">
  <div class="row">
    ...
  </div>
</div>

Example: Mobile and desktop

Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding .col-xs-* .col-md-* to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.

.col-xs-12 .col-md-8

.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

.col-xs-6

<!-- Stack the columns on mobile by making one full-width and the other half-width -->
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-md-8</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
</div>

<!-- Columns start at 50% wide on mobile and bump up to 33.3% wide on desktop -->
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
</div>

<!-- Columns are always 50% wide, on mobile and desktop -->
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6</div>
</div>

Example: Mobile, tablet, desktop

Build on the previous example by creating even more dynamic and powerful layouts with tablet .col-sm-* classes.

.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8

.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>
  <!-- Optional: clear the XS cols if their content doesn't match in height -->
  <div class="clearfix visible-xs-block"></div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>
</div>

Example: Column wrapping

If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line.

.col-xs-9

.col-xs-4
Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.

.col-xs-6
Subsequent columns continue along the new line.

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-9">.col-xs-9</div>
  <div class="col-xs-4">.col-xs-4<br>Since 9 + 4 = 13 &gt; 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6<br>Subsequent columns continue along the new line.</div>
</div>

Responsive column resets

With the four tiers of grids available you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a .clearfix and our responsive utility classes.

.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3
Resize your viewport or check it out on your phone for an example.

.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>

  <!-- Add the extra clearfix for only the required viewport -->
  <div class="clearfix visible-xs-block"></div>

  <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
</div>

In addition to column clearing at responsive breakpoints, you may need to reset offsets, pushes, or pulls. See this in action in the grid example.

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-sm-5 col-md-6">.col-sm-5 .col-md-6</div>
  <div class="col-sm-5 col-sm-offset-2 col-md-6 col-md-offset-0">.col-sm-5 .col-sm-offset-2 .col-md-6 .col-md-offset-0</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-lg-6">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6</div>
  <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-md-offset-2 col-lg-6 col-lg-offset-0">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-md-offset-2 .col-lg-6 .col-lg-offset-0</div>
</div>

Offsetting columns

Move columns to the right using .col-md-offset-* classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by * columns. For example, .col-md-offset-4 moves .col-md-4 over four columns.

.col-md-4

.col-md-4 .col-md-offset-4

.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3

.col-md-6 .col-md-offset-3

.col-md-3-5 .col-md-offset-0-5

.col-md-4-5 .col-md-offset-3-5

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
  <div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">.col-md-4 .col-md-offset-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3</div>
  <div class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-6 .col-md-offset-3</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-3-5 col-md-offset-0-5">.col-md-3-5 .col-md-offset-0-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-4-5 col-md-offset-3-5">.col-md-4-5 .col-md-offset-3-5</div>
</div>

Nesting columns

To nest your content with the default grid, add a new .row and set of .col-sm-* columns within an existing .col-sm-* column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12 or fewer (it is not required that you use all 12 available columns).

Level 1: .col-sm-9

Level 2: .col-xs-8 .col-sm-6

Level 2: .col-xs-4 .col-sm-6

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-sm-9">
    Level 1: .col-sm-9
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-8 col-sm-6">
        Level 2: .col-xs-8 .col-sm-6
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-4 col-sm-6">
        Level 2: .col-xs-4 .col-sm-6
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Column ordering

Easily change the order of our built-in grid columns with .col-md-push-* and .col-md-pull-* modifier classes.

.col-md-9 .col-md-push-3

.col-md-3 .col-md-pull-9

.col-md-8-5 .col-md-push-3-5

.col-md-3-5 .col-md-pull-8-5

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-9 col-md-push-3">.col-md-9 .col-md-push-3</div>
  <div class="col-md-3 col-md-pull-9">.col-md-3 .col-md-pull-9</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-8-5 col-md-push-3-5">.col-md-8-5 .col-md-push-3-5</div>
  <div class="col-md-3-5 col-md-pull-8-5">.col-md-3-5 .col-md-pull-8-5</div>
</div>

Headings

The HTML headings, <h1> through <h3>, are available. .h1 through .h3 classes are also available, for when you want to match the font styling of a heading but still want your text to be displayed inline.

Regular

h1. Bootstrap heading	Light 24px @base-color
h2. Bootstrap heading	Light 22px @base-color
h3. Bootstrap heading	Regular 16px @base-color

<h1>h1. Bootstrap heading</h1>
<h2>h2. Bootstrap heading</h2>
<h3>h3. Bootstrap heading</h3>

Primary

h1. Bootstrap heading	Light 24px @blue-color
h2. Bootstrap heading	Light 22px @blue-color

<h1 class="heading-primary">h1. Bootstrap heading</h1>
<h2 class="heading-primary">h2. Bootstrap heading</h2>

Create lighter, secondary text in any heading with a generic <small> tag or the .small class.

h1. Bootstrap heading Secondary text

h2. Bootstrap heading Secondary text

h3. Bootstrap heading Secondary text

<h1>h1. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h1>
<h2>h2. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h2>
<h3>h3. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h3>

Body copy

Bootstrap's global default font-size is 14px, with a line-height of 1.428. This is applied to the <body> and all paragraphs. In addition, <p> (paragraphs) receive a bottom margin of half their computed line-height (10px by default).

Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula.

Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.

Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.

<p>...</p>

Lead body copy

Make a paragraph stand out by adding .lead.

Vivamus sagittis lacus vel augue laoreet rutrum faucibus dolor auctor. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus.

<p class="lead">...</p>

Built with Less

The typographic scale is based on two Less variables in variables.less: @font-size-base and @line-height-base. The first is the base font-size used throughout and the second is the base line-height. We use those variables and some simple math to create the margins, paddings, and line-heights of all our type and more. Customize them and Bootstrap adapts.

Inline text elements

Marked text

For highlighting a run of text due to its relevance in another context, use the <mark> tag.

You can use the mark tag to highlight text.

You can use the mark tag to <mark>highlight</mark> text.

Deleted text

For indicating blocks of text that have been deleted use the <del> tag.

~~This line of text is meant to be treated as deleted text.~~

<del>This line of text is meant to be treated as deleted text.</del>

Strikethrough text

For indicating blocks of text that are no longer relevant use the <s> tag.

~~This line of text is meant to be treated as no longer accurate.~~

<s>This line of text is meant to be treated as no longer accurate.</s>

Inserted text

For indicating additions to the document use the <ins> tag.

This line of text is meant to be treated as an addition to the document.

<ins>This line of text is meant to be treated as an addition to the document.</ins>

Underlined text

To underline text use the <u> tag.

This line of text will render as underlined

<u>This line of text will render as underlined</u>

Make use of HTML's default emphasis tags with lightweight styles.

Small text

For de-emphasizing inline or blocks of text, use the <small> tag to set text at 85% the size of the parent. Heading elements receive their own font-size for nested <small> elements.

You may alternatively use an inline element with .small in place of any <small>.

This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.

<small>This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.</small>

Bold

For emphasizing a snippet of text with a heavier font-weight.

The following snippet of text is rendered as bold text.

<strong>rendered as bold text</strong>

Italics

For emphasizing a snippet of text with italics.

The following snippet of text is rendered as italicized text.

<em>rendered as italicized text</em>

Alternate elements

Feel free to use <b> and <i> in HTML5. <b> is meant to highlight words or phrases without conveying additional importance while <i> is mostly for voice, technical terms, etc.

Alignment classes

Easily realign text to components with text alignment classes.

Left aligned text.

Center aligned text.

Right aligned text.

Justified text.

No wrap text.

<p class="text-left">Left aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-center">Center aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-right">Right aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-justify">Justified text.</p>
<p class="text-nowrap">No wrap text.</p>

Transformation classes

Transform text in components with text capitalization classes.

Lowercased text.

Uppercased text.

Capitalized text.

<p class="text-lowercase">Lowercased text.</p>
<p class="text-uppercase">Uppercased text.</p>
<p class="text-capitalize">Capitalized text.</p>

Abbreviations

Stylized implementation of HTML's <abbr> element for abbreviations and acronyms to show the expanded version on hover. Abbreviations with a title attribute have a light dotted bottom border and a help cursor on hover, providing additional context on hover and to users of assistive technologies.

Basic abbreviation

An abbreviation of the word attribute is attr.

<abbr title="attribute">attr</abbr>

Initialism

Add .initialism to an abbreviation for a slightly smaller font-size.

HTML is the best thing since sliced bread.

<abbr title="HyperText Markup Language" class="initialism">HTML</abbr>

Addresses

Present contact information for the nearest ancestor or the entire body of work. Preserve formatting by ending all lines with <br>.

Twitter, Inc.
795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600
San Francisco, CA 94107
P: (123) 456-7890

Full Name
first.last@example.com

<address>
  <strong>Twitter, Inc.</strong><br>
  795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600<br>
  San Francisco, CA 94107<br>
  <abbr title="Phone">P:</abbr> (123) 456-7890
</address>

<address>
  <strong>Full Name</strong><br>
  <a href="mailto:#">first.last@example.com</a>
</address>

Blockquotes

For quoting blocks of content from another source within your document.

Default blockquote

Wrap <blockquote> around any HTML as the quote. For straight quotes, we recommend a <p>.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.

<blockquote>
  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
</blockquote>

Blockquote options

Style and content changes for simple variations on a standard <blockquote>.

Naming a source

Add a <footer> for identifying the source. Wrap the name of the source work in <cite>.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.

Someone famous in Source Title

<blockquote>
  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
  <footer>Someone famous in <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite></footer>
</blockquote>

Alternate displays

Add .blockquote-reverse for a blockquote with right-aligned content.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.

Someone famous in Source Title

<blockquote class="blockquote-reverse">
  ...
</blockquote>

Lists

Unordered

A list of items in which the order does not explicitly matter.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
Consectetur adipiscing elit
Integer molestie lorem at massa
Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
- Phasellus iaculis neque
- Purus sodales ultricies
- Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
- Ac tristique libero volutpat at
Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
Aenean sit amet erat nunc
Eget porttitor lorem

<ul>
  <li>...</li>
</ul>

Ordered

A list of items in which the order does explicitly matter.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
Consectetur adipiscing elit
Integer molestie lorem at massa
Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
Aenean sit amet erat nunc
Eget porttitor lorem

<ol>
  <li>...</li>
</ol>

Unstyled

Remove the default list-style and left margin on list items (immediate children only). This only applies to immediate children list items, meaning you will need to add the class for any nested lists as well.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
Consectetur adipiscing elit
Integer molestie lorem at massa
Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
- Phasellus iaculis neque
- Purus sodales ultricies
- Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
- Ac tristique libero volutpat at
Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
Aenean sit amet erat nunc
Eget porttitor lorem

<ul class="list-unstyled">
  <li>...</li>
</ul>

Inline

Place all list items on a single line with display: inline-block; and some light padding.

Lorem ipsum
Phasellus iaculis
Nulla volutpat

<ul class="list-inline">
  <li>...</li>
</ul>

Description

A list of terms with their associated descriptions.

Description lists: A description list is perfect for defining terms.
Euismod: Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.; Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.
Malesuada porta: Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.

<dl>
  <dt>...</dt>
  <dd>...</dd>
</dl>

Horizontal description

Make terms and descriptions in <dl> line up side-by-side. Starts off stacked like default <dl>s, but when the navbar expands, so do these.

Description lists: A description list is perfect for defining terms.
Euismod: Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.; Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.
Malesuada porta: Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
Felis euismod semper eget lacinia: Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus.

<dl class="dl-horizontal">
  <dt>...</dt>
  <dd>...</dd>
</dl>

Auto-truncating

Horizontal description lists will truncate terms that are too long to fit in the left column with text-overflow. In narrower viewports, they will change to the default stacked layout.

Inline

Wrap inline snippets of code with <code>.

For example, <section> should be wrapped as inline.

For example, <code>&lt;section&gt;</code> should be wrapped as inline.

User input

Use the <kbd> to indicate input that is typically entered via keyboard.

To switch directories, type cd followed by the name of the directory.
To edit settings, press ctrl + ,

To switch directories, type <kbd>cd</kbd> followed by the name of the directory.<br>
To edit settings, press <kbd><kbd>ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>,</kbd></kbd>

Basic block

Use <pre> for multiple lines of code. Be sure to escape any angle brackets in the code for proper rendering.

<p>Sample text here...</p>

<pre>&lt;p&gt;Sample text here...&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

You may optionally add the .pre-scrollable class, which will set a max-height of 350px and provide a y-axis scrollbar.

Variables

For indicating variables use the <var> tag.

y = mx + b

<var>y</var> = <var>m</var><var>x</var> + <var>b</var>

Sample output

For indicating blocks sample output from a program use the <samp> tag.

This text is meant to be treated as sample output from a computer program.

<samp>This text is meant to be treated as sample output from a computer program.</samp>

Examples

For basic styling—light padding and only horizontal dividers—add the base class .table to any <table>. It may seem super redundant, but given the widespread use of tables for other plugins like calendars and date pickers, we've opted to isolate our custom table styles.

Optional table caption.
#	First Name	Last Name	Username
1	Mark	Otto	@mdo
2	Jacob	Thornton	@fat
3	Larry	the Bird	@twitter
4	Stan	Lucas	@mdo
5	Ben	Johnas	@fat

<table class="table">
  ...
</table>

Grey example

Just add .table-grey to any <table>.

Optional table caption.
#	First Name	Last Name	Username
1	Mark	Otto	@mdo
2	Jacob	Thornton	@fat
3	Larry	the Bird	@twitter
4	Stan	Lucas	@mdo
5	Ben	Johnas	@fat

<table class="table table-grey">
  ...
</table>

Hover rows

Add .table-hover to enable a hover state on table rows within a <tbody>.

#	First Name	Last Name	Username
1	Mark	Otto	@mdo
2	Jacob	Thornton	@fat
3	Larry	the Bird	@twitter

<table class="table table-hover">
  ...
</table>

#	First Name	Last Name	Username
1	Mark	Otto	@mdo
2	Jacob	Thornton	@fat
3	Larry	the Bird	@twitter

<table class="table table-grey table-hover">
  ...
</table>

Active rows

Add .table-active to enable a active state on table rows within a <tbody> and on a cell from <thead>.

#	First Name	Last Name	Username
1	Mark	Otto	@mdo
2	Jacob	Thornton	@fat
3	Larry	the Bird	@twitter
4	Stan	Lucas	@mdo
5	Ben	Johnas	@fat

#	First Name	Last Name	Username
1	Mark	Otto	@mdo
2	Jacob	Thornton	@fat
3	Larry	the Bird	@twitter
4	Stan	Lucas	@mdo
5	Ben	Johnas	@fat

<table class="table table-hover table-active">
  ...
</table>

<table class="table table-grey table-hover table-active">
  ...
</table>

Condensed table

Add .table-condensed to make tables more compact by cutting cell padding.

#	First Name	Last Name	Username
1	Mark	Otto	@mdo
2	Jacob	Thornton	@fat
3	Larry	the Bird	@twitter

<table class="table table-condensed">
  ...
</table>

#	First Name	Last Name	Username
1	Mark	Otto	@mdo
2	Jacob	Thornton	@fat
3	Larry	the Bird	@twitter

<table class="table table-grey table-condensed">
  ...
</table>

Contextual classes

Use contextual classes to color table rows or individual cells.

Class	Description
`.active`	Applies the active color (blue color) to a particular row or cell

#	Column heading	Column heading	Column heading
1	Column content	Column content	Column content
1	Column content	Column content	Column content
2	Column content	Column content	Column content
3	Column content	Column content	Column content

#	Column heading	Column heading	Column heading
1	Column content	Column content	Column content
1	Column content	Column content	Column content
2	Column content	Column content	Column content

#	Column heading	Column heading	Column heading
1	Column content	Column content	Column content
1	Column content	Column content	Column content
2	Column content	Column content	Column content
3	Column content	Column content	Column content

#	Column heading	Column heading	Column heading
1	Column content	Column content	Column content
1	Column content	Column content	Column content
2	Column content	Column content	Column content

<!-- On rows -->
<tr class="active">...</tr>

<!-- On cells (`td` or `th`) -->
<tr>
  <td class="active">...</td>
</tr>

Conveying meaning to assistive technologies

Using color to add meaning to a table row or individual cell only provides a visual indication, which will not be conveyed to users of assistive technologies – such as screen readers. Ensure that information denoted by the color is either obvious from the content itself (the visible text in the relevant table row/cell), or is included through alternative means, such as additional text hidden with the .sr-only class.

Responsive tables

Create responsive tables by wrapping any .table in .table-responsive to make them scroll horizontally on small devices (under 768px). When viewing on anything larger than 768px wide, you will not see any difference in these tables.

Vertical clipping/truncation

Responsive tables make use of overflow-y: hidden, which clips off any content that goes beyond the bottom or top edges of the table. In particular, this can clip off dropdown menus and other third-party widgets.

Firefox and fieldsets

Firefox has some awkward fieldset styling involving width that interferes with the responsive table. This cannot be overriden without a Firefox-specific hack that we don't provide in Bootstrap:

@-moz-document url-prefix() {
  fieldset { display: table-cell; }
}

For more information, read this Stack Overflow answer.

#	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading
1	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell
2	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell
3	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell

#	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading
1	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell
2	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell
3	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell

<div class="table-responsive">
  <table class="table">
    ...
  </table>
</div>

Basic example

Individual form controls automatically receive some global styling. All textual <input>, <textarea>, and <select> elements with .form-control are set to width: 100%; by default. Wrap labels and controls in .form-group for optimum spacing.

<form>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label>
    <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Enter email">
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label>
    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password">
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="exampleInputFile">File input</label>
    <input type="file" id="exampleInputFile">
    <p class="help-block">Example block-level help text here.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="checkbox">
    <label>
      <input type="checkbox"> Check me out
    </label>
  </div>
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>

Don't mix form groups with input groups

Do not mix form groups directly with input groups. Instead, nest the input group inside of the form group.

Inline form

Add .form-inline to your form (which doesn't have to be a <form>) for left-aligned and inline-block controls. This only applies to forms within viewports that are at least 768px wide.

May require custom widths

Inputs and selects have width: 100%; applied by default in Bootstrap. Within inline forms, we reset that to width: auto; so multiple controls can reside on the same line. Depending on your layout, additional custom widths may be required.

Always add labels

Screen readers will have trouble with your forms if you don't include a label for every input. For these inline forms, you can hide the labels using the .sr-only class. There are further alternative methods of providing a label for assistive technologies, such as the aria-label, aria-labelledby or title attribute. If none of these is present, screen readers may resort to using the placeholder attribute, if present, but note that use of placeholder as a replacement for other labelling methods is not advised.

<form class="form-inline">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="exampleInputName2">Name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleInputName2" placeholder="Jane Doe">
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="exampleInputEmail2">Email</label>
    <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail2" placeholder="jane.doe@example.com">
  </div>
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Send invitation</button>
</form>

<form class="form-inline">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputEmail3">Email address</label>
    <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail3" placeholder="Enter email">
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputPassword3">Password</label>
    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword3" placeholder="Password">
  </div>
  <div class="checkbox">
    <label>
      <input type="checkbox"> Remember me
    </label>
  </div>
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
</form>

<form class="form-inline">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputAmount">Amount (in dollars)</label>
    <div class="input-group">
      <div class="input-group-addon">$</div>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleInputAmount" placeholder="Amount">
      <div class="input-group-addon">.00</div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Transfer cash</button>
</form>

Horizontal form

Use Bootstrap's predefined grid classes to align labels and groups of form controls in a horizontal layout by adding .form-horizontal to the form (which doesn't have to be a <form>). Doing so changes .form-groups to behave as grid rows, so no need for .row.

<form class="form-horizontal">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3" placeholder="Email">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3" placeholder="Password">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
      <div class="checkbox">
        <label>
          <input type="checkbox"> Remember me
        </label>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
    </div>
  </div>
</form>

Supported controls

Examples of standard form controls supported in an example form layout.

Inputs

Most common form control, text-based input fields. Includes support for all HTML5 types: text, password, datetime, datetime-local, date, month, time, week, number, email, url, search, tel, and color.

Type declaration required

Inputs will only be fully styled if their type is properly declared.

<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Text input">

Input groups

To add integrated text or buttons before and/or after any text-based <input>, check out the input group component.

Textarea

Form control which supports multiple lines of text. Change rows attribute as necessary.

<textarea class="form-control" rows="3"></textarea>

Checkboxes and radios

Checkboxes are for selecting one or several options in a list, while radios are for selecting one option from many.

A checkbox or radio with the disabled attribute will be styled appropriately. To have the <label> for the checkbox or radio also display a "not-allowed" cursor when the user hovers over the label, add the .disabled class to your .radio, .radio-inline, .checkbox, .checkbox-inline, or <fieldset>.

Default (stacked)

<div class="checkbox">
  <label>
    <input type="checkbox" value="">
    Option one is this and that&mdash;be sure to include why it's great
  </label>
</div>
<div class="checkbox disabled">
  <label>
    <input type="checkbox" value="" disabled>
    Option two is disabled
  </label>
</div>

<div class="radio">
  <label>
    <input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios1" value="option1" checked>
    Option one is this and that&mdash;be sure to include why it's great
  </label>
</div>
<div class="radio">
  <label>
    <input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios2" value="option2">
    Option two can be something else and selecting it will deselect option one
  </label>
</div>
<div class="radio disabled">
  <label>
    <input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios3" value="option3" disabled>
    Option three is disabled
  </label>
</div>

Inline checkboxes and radios

Use the .checkbox-inline or .radio-inline classes on a series of checkboxes or radios for controls that appear on the same line.

<label class="checkbox-inline">
  <input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox1" value="option1"> 1
</label>
<label class="checkbox-inline">
  <input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox2" value="option2"> 2
</label>
<label class="checkbox-inline">
  <input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox3" value="option3"> 3
</label>

<label class="radio-inline">
  <input type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio1" value="option1"> 1
</label>
<label class="radio-inline">
  <input type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio2" value="option2"> 2
</label>
<label class="radio-inline">
  <input type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio3" value="option3"> 3
</label>

Checkboxes and radios without label text

Should you have no text within the <label>, the input is positioned as you'd expect. Currently only works on non-inline checkboxes and radios. Remember to still provide some form of label for assistive technologies (for instance, using aria-label).

<div class="checkbox empty-checkbox">
  <label>
    <input type="checkbox" id="blankCheckbox" value="option1" aria-label="...">
  </label>
</div>
<div class="radio empty-radio">
  <label>
    <input type="radio" name="blankRadio" id="blankRadio1" value="option1" aria-label="...">
  </label>
</div>

Selects

Note that many native select menus—namely in Safari and Chrome—have rounded corners that cannot be modified via border-radius properties.

<select class="form-control">
  <option>1</option>
  <option>2</option>
  <option>3</option>
  <option>4</option>
  <option>5</option>
</select>

For <select> controls with the multiple attribute, multiple options are shown by default.

<select multiple class="form-control">
  <option>1</option>
  <option>2</option>
  <option>3</option>
  <option>4</option>
  <option>5</option>
</select>

Static control

When you need to place plain text next to a form label within a form, use the .form-control-static class on a <p>.

<form class="form-horizontal">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <p class="form-control-static">email@example.com</p>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputPassword" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password">
    </div>
  </div>
</form>

<form class="form-inline">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="sr-only">Email</label>
    <p class="form-control-static">email@example.com</p>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputPassword2" class="sr-only">Password</label>
    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword2" placeholder="Password">
  </div>
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Confirm identity</button>
</form>

Required fields Visma

For a required field, use .required class on the .form-group div. Follow the example below.

<form class="form-horizontal">
  <div class="form-group required">
    <label for="inputEmail" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input class="form-control" id="inputEmail" placeholder="Email" type="text">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputFirstName" class="col-sm-2 control-label">First name</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputFirstName" placeholder="First name">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputLastName" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Last name</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputLastName" placeholder="Last name">
    </div>
  </div>
</form>

Focus state

We remove the default outline styles on some form controls and apply a box-shadow in its place for :focus.

Demo `:focus` state

The above example input uses custom styles in our documentation to demonstrate the :focus state on a .form-control.

For checkboxes and radio we apply an outline.

Option one is this and that—be sure to include why it's great

Demo `:focus` state

The above example input uses custom styles in our documentation to demonstrate the :focus state on a .form-control.

Disabled state

Add the disabled boolean attribute on an input to prevent user input and trigger a slightly different look.

<input class="form-control" id="disabledInput" type="text" value="Disabled input here..." disabled>

Disabled fieldsets

Add the disabled attribute to a <fieldset> to disable all the controls within the <fieldset> at once.

Caveat about link functionality of `<a>`

By default, browsers will treat all native form controls (<input>, <select> and <button> elements) inside a <fieldset disabled> as disabled, preventing both keyboard and mouse interactions on them. However, if your form also includes <a ... class="btn btn-*"> elements, these will only be given a style of pointer-events: none. As noted in the section about disabled state for buttons (and specifically in the sub-section for anchor elements), this CSS property is not yet standardized and isn't fully supported in Opera 18 and below, or in Internet Explorer 11, and won't prevent keyboard users from being able to focus or activate these links. So to be safe, use custom JavaScript to disable such links.

Cross-browser compatibility

While Bootstrap will apply these styles in all browsers, Internet Explorer 11 and below don't fully support the disabled attribute on a <fieldset>. Use custom JavaScript to disable the fieldset in these browsers.

<form>
  <fieldset disabled>
    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="disabledTextInput">Disabled input</label>
      <input type="text" id="disabledTextInput" class="form-control" placeholder="Disabled input">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="disabledSelect">Disabled select menu</label>
      <select id="disabledSelect" class="form-control">
        <option>Disabled select</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="checkbox">
      <label>
        <input type="checkbox"> Can't check this
      </label>
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
  </fieldset>
</form>

Readonly state

Add the readonly boolean attribute on an input to prevent user input and style the input as disabled.

<input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Readonly input here…" readonly>

Validation states

Bootstrap includes validation styles for error, warning, and success states on form controls. To use, add .has-error to the parent element. Any .control-label, .form-control, and .help-block within that element will receive the validation styles.

Conveying validation state to assistive technologies

Using these validation styles to denote the state of a form control only provides a visual indication, which will not be conveyed to users of assistive technologies – such as screen readers.

Ensure that an alternative indication of state is also provided. For instance, you can include a hint about state in the form control's <label> text itself (as is the case in the following code example), or associate an additional element with textual information about the validation state with the form control using aria-describedby (see the example in the following section). In the case of an error, you could also use the aria-invalid="true" attribute on the form control.

<div class="form-group has-error">
   <label class="control-label" for="inputError1">Input with error</label>
   <input type="text" class="form-control  tooltip-error-trig" id="inputError1" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" data-container="body" title="Error text placed here">
</div>
<div class="form-group has-error padding-side">
   <div class="checkbox">
      <label>
         <input type="checkbox" id="checkboxError" value="option1">
         Checkbox with error
      </label>
   </div>
</div>

Control sizing

Set heights using classes like .input-lg or .input-sm, and set widths using grid column classes like .col-lg-*, .col-md-*, .col-sm-* or .col-xs-*.

Height sizing

Create taller or shorter form controls that match button sizes.

<input class="form-control input-lg" type="text" placeholder=".input-lg">
<input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Default input">

<select class="form-control input-lg">...</select>
<select class="form-control">...</select>

Horizontal form group sizes

Quickly size labels and form controls within .form-horizontal by adding .form-group-lg.

<form class="form-horizontal">
  <div class="form-group form-group-lg">
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label" for="formGroupInputLarge">Large label</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input class="form-control" type="text" id="formGroupInputLarge" placeholder="Large input">
    </div>
  </div>

Column sizing

Wrap inputs in grid columns, or any custom parent element, to easily enforce desired widths.

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-2">
    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=".col-xs-2">
  </div>
  <div class="col-xs-3">
    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=".col-xs-3">
  </div>
  <div class="col-xs-4">
    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=".col-xs-4">
  </div>
</div>

Help text

Block level help text for form controls.

Associating help text with form controls

Help text should be explicitly associated with the form control it relates to using the aria-describedby attribute. This will ensure that assistive technologies – such as screen readers – will announce this help text when the user focuses or enters the control.

<label class="sr-only" for="inputHelpBlock">Input with help text</label>
<input type="text" id="inputHelpBlock" class="form-control" aria-describedby="helpBlock">
...
<span id="helpBlock" class="help-block">A block of help text that breaks onto a new line and may extend beyond one line.</span>

Search field Visma

A simple search can be used in combination with a grid, in a help window or for a global search and searching information in an entire product.

Script dependency

This search fields require the visma-additional.js to be included.

Design

Since there is a need to manifest the importance of a search field in different ways we have two main design solutions for search fields. The first one is with simple grey outline and the second one is with green outline and on-top of that we also have a search field with and without search button. Search field without button is typically used when you have auto-completed search result while the one with button is used when you need to write a string of letters before pressing return or the search button.

The default version of this serach fields has grey outline with and without button. And the primary version has green outline with and without button. For the primary version, add an additional class .search-group-primary. Follow the example bewlo to generate one of this search fields.

Default search field

Primary search field

<!-- Default search field -->
Without button
<form>
   <div class="form-group search-group">
      <input type="text" id="form_control" class="form-control" aria-describedby="searchBlock" placeholder="Search">
      <span class="search-icon"></span>
   </div>
</form>

With button
<form>
   <div class="form-group search-group">
      <input type="text" id="form_control" class="form-control" aria-describedby="searchBlock" placeholder="Search">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default search-icon"></button>
   </div>
</form>


<!-- Primary search field -->
Without button
<form>
   <div class="form-group search-group search-group-primary">
      <input type="text" id="form_control" class="form-control" aria-describedby="searchBlock" placeholder="Search">
      <span class="search-icon"></span>
   </div>
</form>

With button
<form>
   <div class="form-group search-group search-group-primary">
      <input type="text" id="form_control" class="form-control" aria-describedby="searchBlock" placeholder="Search">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default search-icon"></button>
   </div>
</form>

Sizes

If you need a larger search button simply add .search-group-lg class like in the example below.

Default search field

Primary search field

<!-- Default search field -->
Without button
<form>
   <div class="form-group search-group search-group-lg">
      <input type="text" id="form_control" class="form-control" aria-describedby="searchBlock" placeholder="Search">
      <span class="search-icon"></span>
   </div>
</form>

With button
<form>
   <div class="form-group search-group search-group-lg">
      <input type="text" id="form_control" class="form-control" aria-describedby="searchBlock" placeholder="Search">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default search-icon"></button>
   </div>
</form>


<!-- Primary search field -->
Without button
<form>
   <div class="form-group search-group search-group-primary search-group-lg">
      <input type="text" id="form_control" class="form-control" aria-describedby="searchBlock" placeholder="Search">
      <span class="search-icon"></span>
   </div>
</form>

With button
<form>
   <div class="form-group search-group search-group-primary search-group-lg">
      <input type="text" id="form_control" class="form-control" aria-describedby="searchBlock" placeholder="Search">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default search-icon"></button>
   </div>
</form>

Button tags

Use the button classes on an <a>, <button>, or <input> element.

<a class="btn btn-default" href="#" role="button">Link</a>
<button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Button</button>
<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="Input">
<input class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="Submit">

Context-specific usage

While button classes can be used on <a> and <button> elements, only <button> elements are supported within our nav and navbar components.

Links acting as buttons

If the <a> elements are used to act as buttons – triggering in-page functionality, rather than navigating to another document or section within the current page – they should also be given an appropriate role="button".

Cross-browser rendering

As a best practice, we highly recommend using the <button> element whenever possible to ensure matching cross-browser rendering.

Among other things, there's a bug in Firefox <30 that prevents us from setting the line-height of <input>-based buttons, causing them to not exactly match the height of other buttons on Firefox.

Options

Use any of the available button classes to quickly create a styled button.

<!-- Standard button -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Default</button>

<!-- Provides extra visual weight and identifies the primary action in a set of buttons -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Primary</button>

<!-- Attach button -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-attach">
   <i class="attach-icon">Attach file...</i>
</button>

<!-- Deemphasize a button by making it look like a link while maintaining button behavior -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">Link</button>

Conveying meaning to assistive technologies

Using color to add meaning to a button only provides a visual indication, which will not be conveyed to users of assistive technologies – such as screen readers. Ensure that information denoted by the color is either obvious from the content itself (the visible text of the button), or is included through alternative means, such as additional text hidden with the .sr-only class.

Directional buttons Visma

Add and additional <span> inside the <div class="btn btn-primary"> also add .left or .right class together with .btn class for the direction needed.

<button class="btn left" href="##"><span>Back</span></button>
<button class="btn right" href="##"><span>Forward</span></button>

<button class="btn left btn-primary" href="##"><span>Back primary</span></button>
<button class="btn right btn-primary" href="##"><span>Forward primary</span></button>

Sizes

Fancy larger buttons? Add .btn-lg for a larger size.

<p>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg">Large button</button>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg">Large button</button>
</p>
<p>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Default button</button>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Default button</button>
</p>

Create block level buttons—those that span the full width of a parent— by adding .btn-block.

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-block">Block level button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg btn-block">Block level button</button>

Active state

Buttons will appear pressed (with a darker background, darker border, and inset shadow) when active. For <button> elements, this is done via :active. For <a> elements, it's done with .active. However, you may use .active on <button>s (and include the aria-pressed="true" attribute) should you need to replicate the active state programmatically.

Button element

No need to add :active as it's a pseudo-class, but if you need to force the same appearance, go ahead and add .active.

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary active">Primary button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default active">Button</button>

Anchor element

Add the .active class to <a> buttons.

Primary link Link

<a href="#" class="btn btn-primary active" role="button">Primary link</a>
<a href="#" class="btn btn-default active" role="button">Link</a>

Disabled state

Make buttons look unclickable by fading them back with opacity.

Button element

Add the disabled attribute to <button> buttons.

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" disabled="disabled">Primary button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" disabled="disabled">Button</button>

Cross-browser compatibility

If you add the disabled attribute to a <button>, Internet Explorer 9 and below will render text gray with a nasty text-shadow that we cannot fix.

Anchor element

Add the .disabled class to <a> buttons.

Primary link Link

<a href="#" class="btn btn-primary disabled" role="button">Primary link</a>
<a href="#" class="btn btn-default disabled" role="button">Link</a>

We use .disabled as a utility class here, similar to the common .active class, so no prefix is required.

Link functionality caveat

This class uses pointer-events: none to try to disable the link functionality of <a>s, but that CSS property is not yet standardized and isn't fully supported in Opera 18 and below, or in Internet Explorer 11. In addition, even in browsers that do support pointer-events: none, keyboard navigation remains unaffected, meaning that sighted keyboard users and users of assistive technologies will still be able to activate these links. So to be safe, use custom JavaScript to disable such links.

Responsive images

Images in Bootstrap 3 can be made responsive-friendly via the addition of the .img-responsive class. This applies max-width: 100%;, height: auto; and display: block; to the image so that it scales nicely to the parent element.

To center images which use the .img-responsive class, use .center-block instead of .text-center. See the helper classes section for more details about .center-block usage.

SVG images and IE 10

In Internet Explorer 10, SVG images with .img-responsive are disproportionately sized. To fix this, add width: 100%; where necessary. Bootstrap doesn't apply this automatically as it causes complications to other image formats.

<img src="..." class="img-responsive" alt="Responsive image">

Image shapes

Add classes to an <img> element to easily style images in any project.

Cross-browser compatibility

Keep in mind that Internet Explorer 8 lacks support for rounded corners.

<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded">
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle">
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail">

Contextual colors

Convey meaning through color with a handful of emphasis utility classes. These may also be applied to links and will darken on hover just like our default link styles.

Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris nibh.

Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.

Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.

Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna.

<p class="text-default">...</p>
<p class="text-primary">...</p>
<p class="text-disabled">...</p>
<p class="text-error">...</p>

Dealing with specificity

Sometimes emphasis classes cannot be applied due to the specificity of another selector. In most cases, a sufficient workaround is to wrap your text in a <span> with the class.

Conveying meaning to assistive technologies

Using color to add meaning only provides a visual indication, which will not be conveyed to users of assistive technologies – such as screen readers. Ensure that information denoted by the color is either obvious from the content itself (the contextual colors are only used to reinforce meaning that is already present in the text/markup), or is included through alternative means, such as additional text hidden with the .sr-only class.

Contextual backgrounds

Similar to the contextual text color classes, easily set the background of an element to any contextual class. Anchor components will darken on hover, just like the text classes.

Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.

Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.

Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna.

Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.

<p class="bg-default">...</p>
<p class="bg-primary">...</p>
<p class="bg-disabled">...</p>
<p class="bg-error">...</p>

Dealing with specificity

Sometimes contextual background classes cannot be applied due to the specificity of another selector. In some cases, a sufficient workaround is to wrap your element's content in a <div> with the class.

Conveying meaning to assistive technologies

As with contextual colors, ensure that any meaning conveyed through color is also conveyed in a format that is not purely presentational.

Close icon

Use the generic close icon for dismissing content like modals and alerts.

<button type="button" class="close" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span></button>

Carets

Use carets to indicate dropdown functionality and direction. Note that the default caret will reverse automatically in dropup menus.

<span class="caret"></span>

Quick floats

Float an element to the left or right with a class. !important is included to avoid specificity issues. Classes can also be used as mixins.

<div class="pull-left">...</div>
<div class="pull-right">...</div>

// Classes
.pull-left {
  float: left !important;
}
.pull-right {
  float: right !important;
}

// Usage as mixins
.element {
  .pull-left();
}
.another-element {
  .pull-right();
}

Quick paddings Visma

Add padding to an element or remove them simply by using one of the classes below:

<div class="no-padding">...</div>

// Remove paddings classes
.no-padding { padding: 0 !important; }

.no-bottom-padding { padding-bottom: 0 !important; }

.no-top-padding { padding-top: 0 !important; }

.no-left-padding { padding-left: 0 !important; }

.no-right-padding { padding-right: 0 !important; }

.no-top-bottom-padding { 
   padding-bottom: 0 !important;  
   padding-top: 0 !important; 
}

.no-side-padding, 
.no-left-right-padding { 
   padding-left: 0 !important;  
   padding-right: 0 !important; 
}

// Add paddings classes
.padding-top { padding-top: 20px !important; }

.padding-bottom { padding-bottom: 20px !important; }

.padding-left { padding-left: 20px !important; }

.padding-right { padding-right: 20px !important; }

.padding-top-bottom { 
   padding-bottom: 20px !important;  
   padding-top: 20px !important; 
}

.padding-side, 
.side-padding, 
.padding-left-right { 
   padding-left: 20px !important;  
   padding-right: 20px !important; 
}

Quick margins Visma

Add margins to an element or remove them simply by using one of the classes below:

<div class="no-margins">...</div>

// Remove margins classes
.no-margin { margin: 0 !important; }

.no-bottom-margin { margin-bottom: 0 !important; }

.no-top-margin { margin-top: 0 !important; }

.no-left-margin { margin-left: 0 !important; }

.no-right-margin { margin-right: 0 !important; }

.no-top-bottom-margin { 
   margin-bottom: 0 !important;  
   margin-top: 0 !important; 
}

.no-side-margin, 
.no-left-right-margin { 
   margin-left: 0 !important;  
   margin-right: 0 !important; 
}

// Add margins classes
.margin-top { margin-top: 20px !important; }

.margin-bottom { margin-bottom: 20px !important; }

.margin-left { margin-left: 20px !important; }

.margin-right { margin-right: 20px !important; }

.margin-top-bottom { 
   margin-bottom: 20px !important;  
   margin-top: 20px !important; 
}

.margin-side, 
.side-margin, 
.margin-left-right { 
   margin-left: 20px !important;  
   margin-right: 20px !important; 
}

Center content blocks

Set an element to display: block and center via margin. Available as a mixin and class.

<div class="center-block">...</div>

// Classes
.center-block {
  display: block;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  float: none;
}

// Usage as mixins
.element {
  .center-block-element();
}

Clearfix

Easily clear floats by adding .clearfix or .clear to the parent element. Utilizes the micro clearfix as popularized by Nicolas Gallagher. Can also be used as a mixin.

<!-- Usage as a class -->
<div class="clearfix">...</div>

// Classes
.clear {
  .clearfix();
}

// Mixin itself
.clearfix() {
  clear: both;
  &:before,
  &:after {
    content: " ";
    display: table;
  }
  &:after {
    clear: both;
  }
}

// Usage as a Mixin
.element {
  .clearfix();
}

Showing and hiding content

Force an element to be shown or hidden (including for screen readers) with the use of .show and .hidden classes. These classes use !important to avoid specificity conflicts, just like the quick floats. They are only available for block level toggling. They can also be used as mixins.

.hide is available, but it does not always affect screen readers and is deprecated as of v3.0.1. Use .hidden or .sr-only instead.

Furthermore, .invisible can be used to toggle only the visibility of an element, meaning its display is not modified and the element can still affect the flow of the document.

<div class="show">...</div>
<div class="hidden">...</div>
<div class="invisible">...</div>

// Classes
.show {
  display: block !important;
}
.hidden {
  display: none !important;
  visibility: hidden !important;
}
.invisible {
  visibility: hidden;
}

// Usage as mixins
.element {
  .show-element();
}

.other-element {
  .hidden-element();
}

.another-element {
  .invisible-element();
}

Screen reader and keyboard navigation content

Hide an element to all devices except screen readers with .sr-only. Combine .sr-only with .sr-only-focusable to show the element again when it's focused (e.g. by a keyboard-only user). Can also be used as mixins.

<a class="sr-only sr-only-focusable" href="#content">Skip to main content</a>

// Classes
.sr-only {
  border: 0;
  clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px);
  height: 1px;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 0;
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
}

.sr-only-focusable:active {
  height: auto;
  clip: auto;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: visible;
  position: static;
  width: auto;
}

Image replacement

Utilize the .text-hide class or mixin to help replace an element's text content with a background image.

<h1 class="text-hide">Custom heading</h1>

// Usage as a mixin
.heading {
  .text-hide();
}

Other classes

Extension points - .extension-points

Check the example code below:

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Curabitur rutrum mattis convallis. Proin cursus facilisis dignissim. Cras commodo velit est, vitae molestie metus semper in. Donec ultricies mi vel mauris commodo suscipit. Nulla facilisi. Donec pellentesque odio sed molestie tincidunt. Pellentesque finibus laoreet euismod.

<p class="extension-points">Custom text here</p>

No wrap - .no-wrap

Check the example code below:

In rutrum hendrerit imperdiet. In eu venenatis nisi. Phasellus sit amet pellentesque quam. Sed vulputate urna sit amet vestibulum congue. Sed vel auctor magna.

<p class="no-wrap">Custom text here</p>

Vertical align images and text - .vertical-align

Check the example code below:

Custom text here

<p class="vertical-align">
   <img src="...">
   <a href="##">Custom text here</a>
</p>

For faster mobile-friendly development, use these utility classes for showing and hiding content by device via media query. Also included are utility classes for toggling content when printed.

Try to use these on a limited basis and avoid creating entirely different versions of the same site. Instead, use them to complement each device's presentation.

Available classes

Use a single or combination of the available classes for toggling content across viewport breakpoints.

	Extra small devices Phones (<768px)	Small devices Tablets (≥768px)	Medium devices Desktops (≥992px)	Large devices Desktops (≥1200px)
`.visible-xs-*`	Visible	Hidden	Hidden	Hidden
`.visible-sm-*`	Hidden	Visible	Hidden	Hidden
`.visible-md-*`	Hidden	Hidden	Visible	Hidden
`.visible-lg-*`	Hidden	Hidden	Hidden	Visible
`.hidden-xs`	Hidden	Visible	Visible	Visible
`.hidden-sm`	Visible	Hidden	Visible	Visible
`.hidden-md`	Visible	Visible	Hidden	Visible
`.hidden-lg`	Visible	Visible	Visible	Hidden

As of v3.2.0, the .visible-*-* classes for each breakpoint come in three variations, one for each CSS display property value listed below.

Group of classes	CSS `display`
`.visible-*-block`	`display: block;`
`.visible-*-inline`	`display: inline;`
`.visible-*-inline-block`	`display: inline-block;`

So, for extra small (xs) screens for example, the available .visible-*-* classes are: .visible-xs-block, .visible-xs-inline, and .visible-xs-inline-block.

The classes .visible-xs, .visible-sm, .visible-md, and .visible-lg also exist, but are deprecated as of v3.2.0. They are approximately equivalent to .visible-*-block, except with additional special cases for toggling <table>-related elements.

Quick floats depinding on your screen size Visma

Float an element to the left or right with a class depending on the screen size.

	Extra small devices Phones (<768px)	Small devices Tablets (≥768px)	Medium devices Desktops (≥992px)	Large devices Desktops (≥1200px)
`.pull-right-xs`	`float: right;`	`float: right;`	`float: right;`	`float: right;`
`.pull-right-sm`	`float: none;`	`float: right;`	`float: right;`	`float: right;`
`.pull-right-md`	`float: none;`	`float: none;`	`float: right;`	`float: right;`
`.pull-right-lg`	`float: none;`	`float: none;`	`float: none;`	`float: right;`
`.pull-left-xs`	`float: left;`	`float: left;`	`float: left;`	`float: left;`
`.pull-left-sm`	`float: none;`	`float: left;`	`float: left;`	`float: left;`
`.pull-left-md`	`float: none;`	`float: none;`	`float: left;`	`float: left;`
`.pull-left-lg`	`float: none;`	`float: none;`	`float: none;`	`float: left;`

<div class="pull-left-md">...</div>
<div class="pull-right-md">...</div>

Quick margins and paddings classes Visma

Add or cancel the margins or paddings of an element depending on the screen size.

Margins

Cancel margin	Extra small devices Phones (<768px)	Small devices Tablets (≥768px)	Medium devices Desktops (≥992px)	Large devices Desktops (≥1200px)
`.no-margin-xs`	`margin: 0px;`	`margin: 0px;`	`margin: 0px;`	`margin: 0px;`
`.no-margin-sm`	`margin: inherit;`	`margin: 0px;`	`margin: 0px;`	`margin: 0px;`
`.no-margin-md`	`margin: inherit;`	`margin: inherit;`	`margin: 0px;`	`margin: 0px;`
`.no-margin-lg`	`margin: inherit;`	`margin: inherit;`	`margin: inherit;`	`margin: 0px;`
`.no-side-margin-xs` `.no-left-right-margin-xs`	`margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;`	`margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;`	`margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;`	`margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;`
`.no-side-margin-sm` `.no-left-right-margin-sm`	`margin-left: inherit; margin-right: inherit;`	`margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;`	`margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;`	`margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;`
`.no-side-margin-md` `.no-left-right-margin-md`	`margin-left: inherit; margin-right: inherit;`	`margin-left: inherit; margin-right: inherit;`	`margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;`	`margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;`
`.no-side-margin-lg` `.no-left-right-margin-lg`	`margin-left: inherit; margin-right: inherit;`	`margin-left: inherit; margin-right: inherit;`	`margin-left: inherit; margin-right: inherit;`	`margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;`
`.no-left-margin-xs` `.no-right-margin-xs` `.no-top-margin-xs` `.no-bottom-margin-xs`	`margin-left: 0px;` `margin-right: 0px;` `margin-top: 0px;` `margin-bottom: 0px;`	`margin-left: 0px;` `margin-right: 0px;` `margin-top: 0px;` `margin-bottom: 0px;`	`margin-left: 0px;` `margin-right: 0px;` `margin-top: 0px;` `margin-bottom: 0px;`	`margin-left: 0px;` `margin-right: 0px;` `margin-top: 0px;` `margin-bottom: 0px;`
`.no-left-margin-sm` `.no-right-margin-sm` `.no-top-margin-sm` `.no-bottom-margin-sm`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;` `margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-left: 0px;` `margin-right: 0px;` `margin-top: 0px;` `margin-bottom: 0px;`	`margin-left: 0px;` `margin-right: 0px;` `margin-top: 0px;` `margin-bottom: 0px;`	`margin-left: 0px;` `margin-right: 0px;` `margin-top: 0px;` `margin-bottom: 0px;`
`.no-left-margin-md` `.no-right-margin-md` `.no-top-margin-md` `.no-bottom-margin-md`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;` `margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;` `margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-left: 0px;` `margin-right: 0px;` `margin-top: 0px;` `margin-bottom: 0px;`	`margin-left: 0px;` `margin-right: 0px;` `margin-top: 0px;` `margin-bottom: 0px;`
`.no-left-margin-lg` `.no-right-margin-lg` `.no-top-margin-lg` `.no-bottom-margin-lg`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;` `margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;` `margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;` `margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-left: 0px;` `margin-right: 0px;` `margin-top: 0px;` `margin-bottom: 0px;`

Add margin	Extra small devices Phones (<768px)	Small devices Tablets (≥768px)	Medium devices Desktops (≥992px)	Large devices Desktops (≥1200px)
`.margin-left-xs` `.margin-right-xs` `.margin-top-xs` `.margin-bottom-xs`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;` `margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;` `margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;` `margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;` `margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`
`.margin-left-sm` `.margin-right-sm` `.margin-top-sm` `.margin-bottom-sm`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;` `margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;` `margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;` `margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;` `margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`
`.margin-left-md` `.margin-right-md` `.margin-top-md` `.margin-bottom-md`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;` `margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;` `margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;` `margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;` `margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`
`.margin-left-lg` `.margin-right-lg` `.margin-top-lg` `.margin-bottom-lg`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;` `margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;` `margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;` `margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;` `margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`
`.margin-side-xs` `.margin-left-right-xs`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;`
`.margin-side-sm` `.margin-left-right-sm`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;`
`.margin-side-md` `.margin-left-right-md`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;`
`.margin-side-lg` `.margin-left-right-lg`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;`	`margin-left: inherit;` `margin-right: inherit;`	`margin-left: 20px;` `margin-right: 20px;`
`.margin-top-bottom-xs`	`margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`	`margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`	`margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`	`margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`
`.margin-top-bottom-sm`	`margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`	`margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`	`margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`
`.margin-top-bottom-md`	`margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`	`margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`
`.margin-top-bottom-lg`	`margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-top: inherit;` `margin-bottom: inherit;`	`margin-top: 20px;` `margin-bottom: 20px;`

Paddings

Cancel padding	Extra small devices Phones (<768px)	Small devices Tablets (≥768px)	Medium devices Desktops (≥992px)	Large devices Desktops (≥1200px)
`.no-padding-xs`	`padding: 0px;`	`padding: 0px;`	`padding: 0px;`	`padding: 0px;`
`.no-padding-sm`	`padding: inherit;`	`padding: 0px;`	`padding: 0px;`	`padding: 0px;`
`.no-padding-md`	`padding: inherit;`	`padding: inherit;`	`padding: 0px;`	`padding: 0px;`
`.no-padding-lg`	`padding: inherit;`	`padding: inherit;`	`padding: inherit;`	`padding: 0px;`
`.no-side-padding-xs` `.no-left-right-padding-xs`	`padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px;`	`padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px;`	`padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px;`	`padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px;`
`.no-side-padding-sm` `.no-left-right-padding-sm`	`padding-left: inherit; padding-right: inherit;`	`padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px;`	`padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px;`	`padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px;`
`.no-side-padding-md` `.no-left-right-padding-md`	`padding-left: inherit; padding-right: inherit;`	`padding-left: inherit; padding-right: inherit;`	`padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px;`	`padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px;`
`.no-side-padding-lg` `.no-left-right-padding-lg`	`padding-left: inherit; padding-right: inherit;`	`padding-left: inherit; padding-right: inherit;`	`padding-left: inherit; padding-right: inherit;`	`padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px;`
`.no-left-padding-xs` `.no-right-padding-xs` `.no-top-padding-xs` `.no-bottom-padding-xs`	`padding-left: 0px;` `padding-right: 0px;` `padding-top: 0px;` `padding-bottom: 0px;`	`padding-left: 0px;` `padding-right: 0px;` `padding-top: 0px;` `padding-bottom: 0px;`	`padding-left: 0px;` `padding-right: 0px;` `padding-top: 0px;` `padding-bottom: 0px;`	`padding-left: 0px;` `padding-right: 0px;` `padding-top: 0px;` `padding-bottom: 0px;`
`.no-left-padding-sm` `.no-right-padding-sm` `.no-top-padding-sm` `.no-bottom-padding-sm`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;` `padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-left: 0px;` `padding-right: 0px;` `padding-top: 0px;` `padding-bottom: 0px;`	`padding-left: 0px;` `padding-right: 0px;` `padding-top: 0px;` `padding-bottom: 0px;`	`padding-left: 0px;` `padding-right: 0px;` `padding-top: 0px;` `padding-bottom: 0px;`
`.no-left-padding-md` `.no-right-padding-md` `.no-top-padding-md` `.no-bottom-padding-md`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;` `padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;` `padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-left: 0px;` `padding-right: 0px;` `padding-top: 0px;` `padding-bottom: 0px;`	`padding-left: 0px;` `padding-right: 0px;` `padding-top: 0px;` `padding-bottom: 0px;`
`.no-left-padding-lg` `.no-right-padding-lg` `.no-top-padding-lg` `.no-bottom-padding-lg`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;` `padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;` `padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;` `padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-left: 0px;` `padding-right: 0px;` `padding-top: 0px;` `padding-bottom: 0px;`

Add padding	Extra small devices Phones (<768px)	Small devices Tablets (≥768px)	Medium devices Desktops (≥992px)	Large devices Desktops (≥1200px)
`.padding-left-xs` `.padding-right-xs` `.padding-top-xs` `.padding-bottom-xs`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;` `padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;` `padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;` `padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;` `padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`
`.padding-left-sm` `.padding-right-sm` `.padding-top-sm` `.padding-bottom-sm`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;` `padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;` `padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;` `padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;` `padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`
`.padding-left-md` `.padding-right-md` `.padding-top-md` `.padding-bottom-md`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;` `padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;` `padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;` `padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;` `padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`
`.padding-left-lg` `.padding-right-lg` `.padding-top-lg` `.padding-bottom-lg`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;` `padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;` `padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;` `padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;` `padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`
`.padding-side-xs` `.padding-left-right-xs`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;`
`.padding-side-sm` `.padding-left-right-sm`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;`
`.padding-side-md` `.padding-left-right-md`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;`
`.padding-side-lg` `.padding-left-right-lg`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;`	`padding-left: inherit;` `padding-right: inherit;`	`padding-left: 20px;` `padding-right: 20px;`
`.padding-top-bottom-xs`	`padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`	`padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`	`padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`	`padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`
`.padding-top-bottom-sm`	`padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`	`padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`	`padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`
`.padding-top-bottom-md`	`padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`	`padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`
`.padding-top-bottom-lg`	`padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-top: inherit;` `padding-bottom: inherit;`	`padding-top: 20px;` `padding-bottom: 20px;`

<div class="col-md-9 no-left-padding-md">...</div>
<div class="margin-bottom-xs">...</div>

Print classes

Similar to the regular responsive classes, use these for toggling content for print.

Classes	Browser	Print
`.visible-print-block` `.visible-print-inline` `.visible-print-inline-block`	Hidden	Visible
`.hidden-print`	Visible	Hidden

The class .visible-print also exists but is deprecated as of v3.2.0. It is approximately equivalent to .visible-print-block, except with additional special cases for <table>-related elements.

Test cases

Resize your browser or load on different devices to test the responsive utility classes.

Visible on...

Green checkmarks indicate the element is visible in your current viewport.

Extra small ✔ Visible on x-small

Small ✔ Visible on small

Medium ✔ Visible on medium

Large ✔ Visible on large

Extra small and small ✔ Visible on x-small and small

Medium and large ✔ Visible on medium and large

Extra small and medium ✔ Visible on x-small and medium

Small and large ✔ Visible on small and large

Extra small and large ✔ Visible on x-small and large

Small and medium ✔ Visible on small and medium

Hidden on...

Here, green checkmarks also indicate the element is hidden in your current viewport.

Extra small ✔ Hidden on x-small

Small ✔ Hidden on small

Medium ✔ Hidden on medium

Large ✔ Hidden on large

Extra small and small ✔ Hidden on x-small and small

Medium and large ✔ Hidden on medium and large

Extra small and medium ✔ Hidden on x-small and medium

Small and large ✔ Hidden on small and large

Extra small and large ✔ Hidden on x-small and large

Small and medium ✔ Hidden on small and medium

Bootstrap's CSS is built on Less, a preprocessor with additional functionality like variables, mixins, and functions for compiling CSS. Those looking to use the source Less files instead of our compiled CSS files can make use of the numerous variables and mixins we use throughout the framework.

Grid variables and mixins are covered within the Grid system section.

Compiling Bootstrap

Bootstrap can be used in at least two ways: with the compiled CSS or with the source Less files.

Third party compilation tools may work with Bootstrap, but they are not supported by our core team.

Variables

Variables are used throughout the entire project as a way to centralize and share commonly used values like colors, spacing, or font stacks.

@base-color: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.

@blue-color: Nulla a gravida felis. Nullam interdum aliquet velit.

@red-color: Sed libero nisl, mollis imperdiet commodo a, volutpat in magna.

@disabled-color: Nulla eu aliquam sapien. Aliquam vestibulum, arcu et gravida rutrum.

@base-color: #282828;
@blue-color: #0974b3;
@red-color: #C72828;
@disabled-color: #a0a0a0;

Use any of these color variables as they are or reassign them to more meaningful variables for your project.

// Use as-is
p {
  color: @base-color;
}

Links

Easily style your links with the right color with only one value.

// Variables
@link-color: #0974b3;

// Usage
a {
  color: @link-color;
  text-decoration: none;
  &:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
  }
}

Typography

Easily set your type face, text size, leading, and more with a few quick variables. Bootstrap makes use of these as well to provide easy typographic mixins.

@font-family-base: Open Sans, sans-serif;

@font-size-base: 14px;
@line-height-base: 145%;

Components

Components throughout Bootstrap make use of some default variables for setting common values. Here are the most commonly used.

@border-radius-base: 3px;

Vendor mixins

Vendor mixins are mixins to help support multiple browsers by including all relevant vendor prefixes in your compiled CSS.

Box-sizing

The mixins are deprecated as of v3.2.0. To preserve backwards-compatibility, Bootstrap will continue to use the mixins internally until Bootstrap v4.

.box-sizing(@box-model) {
  -webkit-box-sizing: @box-model;
  -moz-box-sizing: @box-model;
  box-sizing: @box-model;
}

Rounded corners

Today all modern browsers support the non-prefixed border-radius property. As such, there is no .border-radius() mixin, but Bootstrap does include shortcuts for quickly rounding two corners on a particular side of an object.

.border-top-radius(@radius) {
  border-top-right-radius: @radius;
  border-top-left-radius: @radius;
}
.border-right-radius(@radius) {
  border-bottom-right-radius: @radius;
  border-top-right-radius: @radius;
}
.border-bottom-radius(@radius) {
  border-bottom-right-radius: @radius;
  border-bottom-left-radius: @radius;
}
.border-left-radius(@radius) {
  border-bottom-left-radius: @radius;
  border-top-left-radius: @radius;
}

Transitions

Multiple mixins for flexibility. Set all transition information with one, or specify a separate delay and duration as needed.

The mixins are deprecated as of v3.2.0. To preserve backwards-compatibility, Bootstrap will continue to use the mixins internally until Bootstrap v4.

.transition(@transition) {
  -webkit-transition: @transition;
  transition: @transition;
}
.transition-property(@transition-property) {
  -webkit-transition-property: @transition-property;
  transition-property: @transition-property;
}
.transition-delay(@transition-delay) {
  -webkit-transition-delay: @transition-delay;
  transition-delay: @transition-delay;
}
.transition-duration(@transition-duration) {
  -webkit-transition-duration: @transition-duration;
  transition-duration: @transition-duration;
}
.transition-timing-function(@timing-function) {
  -webkit-transition-timing-function: @timing-function;
  transition-timing-function: @timing-function;
}

Transformations

Rotate, scale, translate (move), or skew any object.

The mixins are deprecated as of v3.2.0. To preserve backwards-compatibility, Bootstrap will continue to use the mixins internally until Bootstrap v4.

.rotate(@degrees) {
  -webkit-transform: rotate(@degrees);
      -ms-transform: rotate(@degrees);
          transform: rotate(@degrees);
}
.scale(@ratio; @ratio-y...) {
  -webkit-transform: scale(@ratio, @ratio-y);
      -ms-transform: scale(@ratio, @ratio-y);
          transform: scale(@ratio, @ratio-y);
}
.translate(@x; @y) {
  -webkit-transform: translate(@x, @y);
      -ms-transform: translate(@x, @y);
          transform: translate(@x, @y);
}
.skew(@x; @y) {
  -webkit-transform: skew(@x, @y);
      -ms-transform: skewX(@x) skewY(@y); 
          transform: skew(@x, @y);
}
.translate3d(@x; @y; @z) {
  -webkit-transform: translate3d(@x, @y, @z);
          transform: translate3d(@x, @y, @z);
}

.rotateX(@degrees) {
  -webkit-transform: rotateX(@degrees);
      -ms-transform: rotateX(@degrees); 
          transform: rotateX(@degrees);
}
.rotateY(@degrees) {
  -webkit-transform: rotateY(@degrees);
      -ms-transform: rotateY(@degrees);
          transform: rotateY(@degrees);
}
.perspective(@perspective) {
  -webkit-perspective: @perspective;
     -moz-perspective: @perspective;
          perspective: @perspective;
}
.perspective-origin(@perspective) {
  -webkit-perspective-origin: @perspective;
     -moz-perspective-origin: @perspective;
          perspective-origin: @perspective;
}
.transform-origin(@origin) {
  -webkit-transform-origin: @origin;
     -moz-transform-origin: @origin;
      -ms-transform-origin: @origin;
          transform-origin: @origin;
}

Animations

A single mixin for using all of CSS3's animation properties in one declaration and other mixins for individual properties.

The mixins are deprecated as of v3.2.0. To preserve backwards-compatibility, Bootstrap will continue to use the mixins internally until Bootstrap v4.

.animation(@animation) {
  -webkit-animation: @animation;
          animation: @animation;
}
.animation-name(@name) {
  -webkit-animation-name: @name;
          animation-name: @name;
}
.animation-duration(@duration) {
  -webkit-animation-duration: @duration;
          animation-duration: @duration;
}
.animation-timing-function(@timing-function) {
  -webkit-animation-timing-function: @timing-function;
          animation-timing-function: @timing-function;
}
.animation-delay(@delay) {
  -webkit-animation-delay: @delay;
          animation-delay: @delay;
}
.animation-iteration-count(@iteration-count) {
  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: @iteration-count;
          animation-iteration-count: @iteration-count;
}
.animation-direction(@direction) {
  -webkit-animation-direction: @direction;
          animation-direction: @direction;
}

Placeholder text

Provide context for form controls within each field.

.placeholder(@color: @input-color-placeholder) {
  &::-moz-placeholder           { color: @color; } // Firefox
  &:-ms-input-placeholder       { color: @color; } // Internet Explorer 10+
  &::-webkit-input-placeholder  { color: @color; } // Safari and Chrome
}

Columns

Generate columns via CSS within a single element.

.content-columns(@width; @count; @gap) {
  -webkit-column-width: @width;
     -moz-column-width: @width;
          column-width: @width;
  -webkit-column-count: @count;
     -moz-column-count: @count;
          column-count: @count;
  -webkit-column-gap: @gap;
     -moz-column-gap: @gap;
          column-gap: @gap;
}

Utility mixins

Utility mixins are mixins that combine otherwise unrelated CSS properties to achieve a specific goal or task.

Clearfix

Forget adding class="clearfix" to any element and instead add the .clearfix() mixin where appropriate. Uses the micro clearfix from Nicolas Gallagher.

// Mixin
.clearfix() {
  &:before,
  &:after {
    content: " ";
    display: table;
  }
  &:after {
    clear: both;
  }
}

// Usage
.container {
  .clearfix();
}

Horizontal centering

Quickly center any element within its parent. Requires width or max-width to be set.

// Mixin
.center-block() {
  display: block;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

// Usage
.container {
  width: 940px;
  .center-block();
}

CSS

Overview

HTML5 doctype

Mobile first

Typography and links

Normalize.css

Containers

Grid system

Introduction

Media queries

Grid options

Example: Stacked-to-horizontal

Half grids - 24 columns Visma

Example: Fluid container

Example: Mobile and desktop

Example: Mobile, tablet, desktop

Example: Column wrapping

Responsive column resets

Offsetting columns

Nesting columns

Column ordering

Typography

Headings

Regular

h1. Bootstrap heading

h2. Bootstrap heading

h3. Bootstrap heading

Primary

h1. Bootstrap heading

h2. Bootstrap heading

h1. Bootstrap heading Secondary text

h2. Bootstrap heading Secondary text

h3. Bootstrap heading Secondary text

Body copy

Lead body copy

Built with Less

Inline text elements

Marked text

Deleted text

Strikethrough text

Inserted text

Underlined text

Small text

Bold

Italics

Alternate elements

Alignment classes

Transformation classes

Abbreviations

Basic abbreviation

Initialism

Addresses

Blockquotes

Default blockquote

Blockquote options

Naming a source

Alternate displays

Lists

Unordered

Ordered

Unstyled

Inline

Description

Horizontal description

Auto-truncating

Code

Inline

User input

Basic block

Variables

Sample output

Tables

Examples

Grey example

Hover rows

Active rows

Condensed table

Contextual classes

Conveying meaning to assistive technologies

Responsive tables

Demo `:focus` state

Demo `:focus` state

Caveat about link functionality of `<a>`