CSS
Global CSS settings, fundamental HTML elements styled and enhanced with extensible classes, and an advanced grid system.
Global CSS settings, fundamental HTML elements styled and enhanced with extensible classes, and an advanced grid system.
Get the lowdown on the key pieces of Bootstrap's infrastructure, including our approach to better, faster, stronger web development.
Bootstrap makes use of certain HTML elements and CSS properties that require the use of the HTML5 doctype. Include it at the beginning of all your projects.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
...
</html>
With Bootstrap 2, we added optional mobile friendly styles for key aspects of the framework. With Bootstrap 3, we've rewritten the project to be mobile friendly from the start. Instead of adding on optional mobile styles, they're baked right into the core. In fact, Bootstrap is mobile first. Mobile first styles can be found throughout the entire library instead of in separate files.
To ensure proper rendering and touch zooming, add the viewport meta tag to your <head>.
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">You can disable zooming capabilities on mobile devices by adding user-scalable=no to the viewport meta tag. This disables zooming, meaning users are only able to scroll, and results in your site feeling a bit more like a native application. Overall we don't recommend this on every site, so use caution!
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">Bootstrap sets basic global display, typography, and link styles. Specifically, we:
background-color: #fff; on the body@font-family-base, @font-size-base, and @line-height-base attributes as our typographic base@link-color and apply link underlines only on :hoverThese styles can be found within _variables.less.
For improved cross-browser rendering, we use Normalize.css, a project by Nicolas Gallagher and Jonathan Neal.
Bootstrap requires a containing element to wrap site contents and house our grid system. You may choose one of two containers to use in your projects. Note that, due to padding and more, neither container is nestable.
Use .container for a responsive fixed width container.
<div class="container">
...
</div>Use .container-fluid for a full width container, spanning the entire width of your viewport.
<div class="container-fluid">
...
</div>Bootstrap includes a responsive, mobile first fluid grid system that appropriately scales up to 12 columns as the device or viewport size increases. It includes predefined classes for easy layout options, as well as powerful mixins for generating more semantic layouts.
Grid systems are used for creating page layouts through a series of rows and columns that house your content. Here's how the Bootstrap grid system works:
.container (fixed-width) or .container-fluid (full-width) for proper alignment and padding..row and .col-xs-4 are available for quickly making grid layouts. Less mixins can also be used for more semantic layouts.padding. That padding is offset in rows for the first and last column via negative margin on .rows..col-xs-4..col-md- class to an element will not only affect its styling on medium devices but also on large devices if a .col-lg- class is not present.Look to the examples for applying these principles to your code.
We use the following media queries in our LESS files to create the key breakpoints in our grid system.
/* Extra small devices (phones, less than 768px) */
/* No media query since this is the default in Bootstrap */
/* Small devices (tablets, 768px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { ... }
/* Medium devices (desktops, 992px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) { ... }
/* Large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { ... }
We occasionally expand on these media queries to include a max-width to limit CSS to a narrower set of devices.
@media (max-width: @screen-xs-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) and (max-width: @screen-sm-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) and (max-width: @screen-md-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { ... }
See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table.
| Extra small devices Phones (<768px) | Small devices Tablets (≥768px) | Medium devices Desktops (≥992px) | Large devices Desktops (≥1200px) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grid behavior | Horizontal at all times | Collapsed to start, horizontal above breakpoints | ||
| Max container width | None (auto) | 750px | 970px | 1170px |
| Class prefix | .col-xs- |
.col-sm- |
.col-md- |
.col-lg- |
| # of columns | 12 | |||
| Max column width | Auto | ~62px | ~81px | ~97px |
| Gutter width | 30px (15px on each side of a column) | |||
| Nestable | Yes | |||
| Offsets | Yes | |||
| Column ordering | Yes | |||
Using a single set of .col-md-* grid classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on mobile devices and tablet devices (the extra small to small range) before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices. Place grid columns in any .row.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8">.col-md-8</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
<div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
</div>
Turn any fixed-width grid layout into a full-width layout by changing your outermost .container to .container-fluid.
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
...
</div>
</div>
Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding .col-xs-* .col-md-* to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.
Stack the columns on mobile by making one full-width and the other half-width
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-md-8</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
</div>
Columns start at 50% wide on mobile and bump up to 33.3% wide on desktop
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
</div>
Columns are always 50% wide, on mobile and desktop
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6</div>
<div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6</div>
</div>
Build on the previous example by creating even more dynamic and powerful layouts with tablet .col-sm-* classes.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>
Optional: clear the XS cols if their content doesn't match in height
<div class="clearfix visible-xs"></div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>
</div>
If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-9">.col-xs-9</div>
<div class="col-xs-4">.col-xs-4<br>Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.</div>
<div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6<br>Subsequent columns continue along the new line.</div>
</div>With the four tiers of grids available you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a .clearfix and our responsive utility classes.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
Add the extra clearfix for only the required viewport
<div class="clearfix visible-xs"></div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
</div>
In addition to column clearing at responsive breakpoints, you may need to reset offsets, pushes, or pulls. Those resets are available for medium and large grid tiers only, since they start only at the (second) small grid tier. See this in action in the grid example.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-5 col-md-6">.col-sm-5 .col-md-6</div>
<div class="col-sm-5 col-sm-offset-2 col-md-6 col-md-offset-0">.col-sm-5 .col-sm-offset-2 .col-md-6 .col-md-offset-0</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-lg-6">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-md-offset-2 col-lg-6 col-lg-offset-0">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-md-offset-2 .col-lg-6 .col-lg-offset-0</div>
</div>
Move columns to the right using .col-md-offset-* classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by * columns. For example, .col-md-offset-4 moves .col-md-4 over four columns.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">.col-md-4 .col-md-offset-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3</div>
<div class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-6 .col-md-offset-3</div>
</div>
To nest your content with the default grid, add a new .row and set of .col-sm-* columns within an existing .col-sm-* column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12 or less (it is not required that you use all 12 available columns).
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9">
Level 1: .col-md-9
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
Level 2: .col-md-6
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
Level 2: .col-md-6
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Easily change the order of our built-in grid columns with .col-md-push-* and .col-md-pull-* modifier classes.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9 col-md-push-3">.col-md-9 .col-md-push-3</div>
<div class="col-md-3 col-md-pull-9">.col-md-3 .col-md-pull-9</div>
</div>
In addition to prebuilt grid classes for fast layouts, Bootstrap includes LESS variables and mixins for quickly generating your own simple, semantic layouts.
Variables determine the number of columns, the gutter width, and the media query point at which to begin floating columns. We use these to generate the predefined grid classes documented above, as well as for the custom mixins listed below.
@grid-columns:12;
@grid-gutter-width: 30px;
@grid-float-breakpoint: 768px;
Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS for individual grid columns.
// Creates a wrapper for a series of columns
.make-row(@gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
// Then clear the floated columns
.clearfix();
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) {
margin-left: (@gutter / -2);
margin-right: (@gutter / -2);
}
// Negative margin nested rows out to align the content of columns
.row {
margin-left: (@gutter / -2);
margin-right: (@gutter / -2);
}
}
// Generate the extra small columns
.make-xs-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
position: relative;
// Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
min-height: 1px;
// Inner gutter via padding
padding-left: (@gutter / 2);
padding-right: (@gutter / 2);
// Calculate width based on number of columns available
@media (min-width: @grid-float-breakpoint) {
float: left;
width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
// Generate the small columns
.make-sm-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
position: relative;
// Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
min-height: 1px;
// Inner gutter via padding
padding-left: (@gutter / 2);
padding-right: (@gutter / 2);
// Calculate width based on number of columns available
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) {
float: left;
width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
// Generate the small column offsets
.make-sm-column-offset(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) {
margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
.make-sm-column-push(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) {
left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
.make-sm-column-pull(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) {
right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
// Generate the medium columns
.make-md-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
position: relative;
// Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
min-height: 1px;
// Inner gutter via padding
padding-left: (@gutter / 2);
padding-right: (@gutter / 2);
// Calculate width based on number of columns available
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) {
float: left;
width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
// Generate the medium column offsets
.make-md-column-offset(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) {
margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
.make-md-column-push(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) {
left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
.make-md-column-pull(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) {
right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
// Generate the large columns
.make-lg-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
position: relative;
// Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
min-height: 1px;
// Inner gutter via padding
padding-left: (@gutter / 2);
padding-right: (@gutter / 2);
// Calculate width based on number of columns available
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) {
float: left;
width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
// Generate the large column offsets
.make-lg-column-offset(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) {
margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
.make-lg-column-push(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) {
left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
.make-lg-column-pull(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) {
right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here's an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between.
.wrapper {
.make-row();
}
.content-main {
.make-lg-column(8);
}
.content-secondary {
.make-lg-column(3);
.make-lg-column-offset(1);
}<div class="wrapper">
<div class="content-main">...</div>
<div class="content-secondary">...</div>
</div>
All HTML headings, <h1> through <h6>, are available. .h1 through .h6 classes are also available, for when you want to match the font styling of a heading but still want your text to be displayed inline.
h1. Bootstrap heading |
Semibold 36px |
h2. Bootstrap heading |
Semibold 30px |
h3. Bootstrap heading |
Semibold 24px |
h4. Bootstrap heading |
Semibold 18px |
h5. Bootstrap heading |
Semibold 14px |
h6. Bootstrap heading |
Semibold 12px |
<h1>h1. Bootstrap heading</h1>
<h2>h2. Bootstrap heading</h2>
<h3>h3. Bootstrap heading</h3>
<h4>h4. Bootstrap heading</h4>
<h5>h5. Bootstrap heading</h5>
<h6>h6. Bootstrap heading</h6>
Create lighter, secondary text in any heading with a generic <small> tag or the .small class.
h1. Bootstrap heading Secondary text |
h2. Bootstrap heading Secondary text |
h3. Bootstrap heading Secondary text |
h4. Bootstrap heading Secondary text |
h5. Bootstrap heading Secondary text |
h6. Bootstrap heading Secondary text |
<h1>h1. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h1>
<h2>h2. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h2>
<h3>h3. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h3>
<h4>h4. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h4>
<h5>h5. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h5>
<h6>h6. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h6>
Bootstrap's global default font-size is 11px, with a line-height of 11px. This is applied to the <body>. In addition, <p> (paragraphs) receive a line-height of 20px and bottom margin of 10px.
Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula.
Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.
Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
<p>...</p>Make a paragraph stand out by adding .lead.
Vivamus sagittis lacus vel augue laoreet rutrum faucibus dolor auctor. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus.
<p class="lead">...</p>The typographic scale is based on two LESS variables in _variables.less: @font-size-base and @line-height-base. The first is the base font-size used throughout and the second is the base line-height. We use those variables and some simple math to create the margins, paddings, and line-heights of all our type and more. Customize them and Bootstrap adapts.
For highlighting a run of text due to its relevance in another context, use the <mark> tag.
You can use the mark tag to highlight text.
You can use the mark tag to <mark>highlight</mark> text.For indicating blocks of text that have been deleted use the <del> tag.
This line of text is meant to be treated as deleted text.
<del>This line of text is meant to be treated as deleted text.</del>For indicating blocks of text that are no longer relevant use the <s> tag.
This line of text is meant to be treated as no longer accurate.
<s>This line of text is meant to be treated as no longer accurate.</s>For indicating additions to the document use the <ins> tag.
This line of text is meant to be treated as an addition to the document.
<ins>This line of text is meant to be treated as an addition to the document.</ins>To underline text use the <u> tag.
This line of text will render as underlined
<u>This line of text will render as underlined</u>Make use of HTML's default emphasis tags with lightweight styles.
For de-emphasizing inline or blocks of text, use the <small> tag to set text at 85% the size of the parent. Heading elements receive their own font-size for nested <small> elements.
You may alternatively use an inline element with .small in place of any <small>
This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.
<small>This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.</small>For emphasizing a snippet of text with a heavier font-weight.
The following snippet of text is rendered as bold text.
<strong>rendered as bold text</strong>For emphasizing a snippet of text with italics.
The following snippet of text is rendered as italicized text.
<em>rendered as italicized text</em>Feel free to use <b> and <i> in HTML5. <b> is meant to highlight words or phrases without conveying additional importance while <i> is mostly for voice, technical terms, etc.
Easily realign text to components with text alignment classes.
Left aligned text.
Center aligned text.
Right aligned text.
Justified text.
No wrap text.
<p class="text-left">Left aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-center">Center aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-right">Right aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-justify">Justified text.</p>
<p class="text-nowrap">No wrap text.</p>Transform text in components with text capitalization classes.
Lowercased text.
Uppercased text.
Capitalized text.
<p class="text-lowercase">Lowercased text.</p>
<p class="text-uppercase">Uppercased text.</p>
<p class="text-capitalize">Capitalized text.</p>Stylized implementation of HTML's <abbr> element for abbreviations and acronyms to show the expanded version on hover. Abbreviations with a title attribute have a light dotted bottom border and a help cursor on hover, providing additional context on hover.
For expanded text on long hover of an abbreviation, include the title attribute with the <abbr> element.
An abbreviation of the word attribute is attr.
<abbr title="attribute">attr</abbr>Add .initialism to an abbreviation for a slightly smaller font-size.
HTML is the best thing since sliced bread.
<abbr title="HyperText Markup Language" class="initialism">HTML</abbr>Present contact information for the nearest ancestor or the entire body of work. Preserve formatting by ending all lines with <br>.
<address>
<strong>Twitter, Inc.</strong><br>
795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600<br>
San Francisco, CA 94107<br>
<abbr title="Phone">P:</abbr> (123) 456-7890
</address>
<address>
<strong>Full Name</strong><br>
<a href="mailto:#">first.last@example.com</a>
</address>
For quoting blocks of content from another source within your document.
Wrap <blockquote> around any HTML as the quote. For straight quotes, we recommend a <p>.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.
<blockquote> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p> </blockquote>Style and content changes for simple variations on a standard <blockquote>.
Add a <footer> for identifying the source. Wrap the name of the source work in <cite>.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.
<blockquote>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
<footer>Someone famous in <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite></footer>
</blockquote>Add .blockquote-reverse for a blockquote with right-aligned content.
<blockquote class="blockquote-reverse">
...
</blockquote>A list of items in which the order does not explicitly matter.
<ul>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
A list of items in which the order does explicitly matter.
<ol>
<li>...</li>
</ol>
Remove the default list-style and left margin on list items (immediate children only). This only applies to immediate children list items, meaning you will need to add the class for any nested lists as well.
<ul class="list-unstyled">
<li>...</li>
</ul>
Place all list items on a single line with display: inline-block; and some light padding.
<ul class="list-inline">
<li>...</li>
</ul>
A list of terms with their associated descriptions.
<dl>
<dt>...</dt>
<dd>...</dd>
</dl>
Make terms and descriptions in <dl> line up side-by-side. Starts off stacked like default <dl>s, but when the navbar expands, so do these.
<dl class="dl-horizontal">
<dt>...</dt>
<dd>...</dd>
</dl>
Horizontal description lists will truncate terms that are too long to fit in the left column with text-overflow. In narrower viewports, they will change to the default stacked layout.
Wrap inline snippets of code with <code>.
<section> should be wrapped as inline.For example, <code><section></code> should be wrapped as inline.
Use the <kbd> to indicate input that is typically entered via keyboard.
To switch directories, type <kbd>cd</kbd> followed by the name of the directory.<br>
To edit settings, press <kbd><kbd>ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>,</kbd></kbd>Use <pre> for multiple lines of code. Be sure to escape any angle brackets in the code for proper rendering.
Sample text here...
<pre>Sample text here...</pre>
You may optionally add the .pre-scrollable class, which will set a max-height of 350px and provide a y-axis scrollbar.
For indicating variables use the <var> tag.
y = mx + b
<var>y</var> = <var>m</var><var>x</var> + <var>b</var>For indicating blocks sample output from a program use the <samp> tag.
This text is meant to be treated as sample output from a computer program.
<samp>This text is meant to be treated as sample output from a computer program.</samp>For basic styling—light padding and only horizontal dividers—add the base class .table to any <table>. It may seem super redundant, but given the widespread use of tables for other plugins like calendars and date pickers, we've opted to isolate our custom table styles.
| # | First Name | Last Name | Username |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo |
| 2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat |
| 3 | Larry | the Bird |
<table class="table">
...
</table>
Use .table-striped to add zebra-striping to any table row within the <tbody>.
Striped tables are styled via the :nth-child CSS selector, which is not available in Internet Explorer 8. Including visma-additional.js, this problem will be fixed in IE8.
| # | First Name | Last Name | Username |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo |
| 2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat |
| 3 | Larry | the Bird |
<table class="table table-striped">
...
</table>
Add .table-bordered for borders on all sides of the table and cells.
| # | First Name | Last Name | Username |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo |
| Mark | Otto | @TwBootstrap | |
| 2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat |
| 3 | Larry the Bird | ||
<table class="table table-bordered">
...
</table>
Add .table-hover to enable a hover state on table rows within a <tbody>.
| # | First Name | Last Name | Username |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo |
| 2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat |
| 3 | Larry the Bird | ||
<table class="table table-hover">
...
</table>
Add .table-condensed to make tables more compact by cutting cell padding in half.
| # | First Name | Last Name | Username |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo |
| 2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat |
| 3 | Larry the Bird | ||
<table class="table table-condensed">
...
</table>
Use contextual classes to color table rows or individual cells.
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
.active
|
Applies the hover color to a particular row or cell |
.success
|
Indicates a successful or positive action |
.warning
|
Indicates a warning that might need attention |
.danger
|
Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action |
| # | Column heading | Column heading | Column heading |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
| 2 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
| 3 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
| 4 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
| 5 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
| 6 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
| 7 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
On rows
<tr class="active">...</tr>
<tr class="success">...</tr>
<tr class="warning">...</tr>
<tr class="danger">...</tr>
On cells (`td` or `th`)
<tr>
<td class="active">...</td>
<td class="success">...</td>
<td class="warning">...</td>
<td class="danger">...</td>
</tr>
Using color to add meaning to a table row or individual cell only provides a visual indication, which will not be conveyed to users of assistive technologies – such as screen readers. Ensure that information denoted by the color is either obvious from the content itself (the visible text in the relevant table row/cell), or is included through alternative means, such as additional text hidden with the .sr-only class.
Create responsive tables by wrapping any .table in .table-responsive to make them scroll horizontally on small devices (under 768px). When viewing on anything larger than 768px wide, you will not see any difference in these tables.
Responsive tables make use of overflow-y: hidden, which clips off any content that goes beyond the bottom or top edges of the table. In particular, this can clip off dropdown menus and other third-party widgets.
Firefox has some awkward fieldset styling involving width that interferes with the responsive table. This cannot be overriden without a Firefox-specific hack that we don't provide in Bootstrap:
@-moz-document url-prefix() {
fieldset { display: table-cell; }
}For more information, read this Stack Overflow answer.
| # | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
| 2 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
| 3 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
| # | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
| 2 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
| 3 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
<div class="table-responsive">
<table class="table">
...
</table>
</div>
Individual form controls automatically receive some global styling. All textual <input>, <textarea>, and <select> elements with .form-control are set to width: 100%; by default. Wrap labels and controls in .form-group for optimum spacing.
<form role="form">
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-xs-2" for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label>
<input type="email" class="col-xs-3" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Enter email">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-xs-2" for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="col-xs-3" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-xs-2" for="exampleInputFile">File input</label>
<input type="file" class="col-xs-3" id="exampleInputFile">
<p class="help-block">Example block-level help text here.</p>
</div>
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Check me out
</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>
Do not mix form groups directly with input groups. Instead, nest the input group inside of the form group.
Add .form-inline to your <form> for left-aligned and inline-block controls. This only applies to forms within viewports that are at least 768px wide.
Inputs and selects have width: 100%; applied by default in Bootstrap. Within inline forms, we reset that to width: auto; so multiple controls can reside on the same line. Depending on your layout, additional custom widths may be required.
Screen readers will have trouble with your forms if you don't include a label for every input. For these inline forms, you can hide the labels using the .sr-only class. There are further alternative methods of providing a label for assistive technologies, such as the aria-label, aria-labelledby or title attribute. If none of these is present, screen readers may resort to using the placeholder attribute, if present, but note that use of placeholder as a replacement for other labelling methods is not advised.
<form class="form-inline" role="form">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail2">Email address</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail2" placeholder="Enter email">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputPassword2">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword2" placeholder="Password">
</div>
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Remember me
</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
</form>
<form class="form-inline" role="form">
<div class="form-group">
<label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputEmail2">Email address</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail2" placeholder="Enter email">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputPassword2">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword2" placeholder="Password">
</div>
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Remember me
</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
</form>
<form class="form-inline">
<div class="form-group">
<label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputAmount">Amount (in dollars)</label>
<div class="input-group">
<div class="input-group-addon">$</div>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleInputAmount" placeholder="Amount">
<div class="input-group-addon">.00</div>
</div>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Transfer cash</button>
</form>Use Bootstrap's predefined grid classes to align labels and groups of form controls in a horizontal layout by adding .form-horizontal to the form. Doing so changes .form-groups to behave as grid rows, so no need for .row.
<form class="form-horizontal" role="form">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3" placeholder="Email">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3" placeholder="Password">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Remember me
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>Examples of standard form controls supported in an example form layout.
Most common form control, text-based input fields. Includes support for all HTML5 types: text, password, datetime, datetime-local, date, month, time, week, number, email, url, search, tel, and color.
Inputs will only be fully styled if their type is properly declared.
<input type="text" class="col-sm-3" placeholder="Text input">
To add integrated text or buttons before and/or after any text-based <input>, check out the input group component.
Form control which supports multiple lines of text. Change rows attribute as necessary.
<textarea class="col-sm-3" rows="3"></textarea>
Checkboxes are for selecting one or several options in a list, while radios are for selecting one option from many.
A checkbox or radio with the disabled attribute will be styled appropriately. To have the <label> for the checkbox or radio also display a "not-allowed" cursor when the user hovers over the label, add the .disabled class to your .radio, .radio-inline, .checkbox, .checkbox-inline, or <fieldset>.
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" value="">
Option one is this and that—be sure to include why it's great
</label>
</div>
<div class="radio">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios1" value="option1" checked>
Option one is this and that—be sure to include why it's great
</label>
</div>
<div class="radio">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios2" value="option2">
Option two can be something else and selecting it will deselect option one
</label>
</div>
Use .checkbox-inline or .radio-inline class to a series of checkboxes or radios for controls appear on the same line.
<label class="checkbox-inline">
<input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox1" value="option1"> 1
</label>
<label class="checkbox-inline">
<input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox2" value="option2"> 2
</label>
<label class="checkbox-inline">
<input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox3" value="option3"> 3
</label>
<label class="radio-inline">
<input type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio1" value="option1"> 1
</label>
<label class="radio-inline">
<input type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio2" value="option2"> 2
</label>
<label class="radio-inline">
<input type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio3" value="option3"> 3
</label>Should you have no text within the <label>, the input is positioned as you'd expect. Currently only works on non-inline checkboxes and radios. Remember to still provide some form of label for assistive technologies (for instance, using aria-label).
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" id="blankCheckbox" value="option1">
</label>
</div>
<div class="radio">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="blankRadio" id="blankRadio1" value="option1">
</label>
</div>Note that many native select menus—namely in Safari and Chrome—have rounded corners that cannot be modified via border-radius properties.
<select class="form-control col-sm-3">
<option>1</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>4</option>
<option>5</option>
</select>
For <select> controls with the multiple attribute, multiple options are shown by default.
<select multiple class="form-control col-sm-3">
<option>1</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>4</option>
<option>5</option>
</select>
When you need to place plain text next to a form label within a horizontal form, use the .form-control-static class on a <p>.
<form class="form-horizontal" role="form">
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<p class="form-control-static">email@example.com</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputPassword" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password">
</div>
</div>
</form>
<form class="form-inline">
<div class="form-group">
<label class="sr-only">Email</label>
<p class="form-control-static">email@example.com</p>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputPassword2" class="sr-only">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword2" placeholder="Password">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Confirm identity</button>
</form>We remove the default outline styles on some form controls and apply a box-shadow in its place for :focus.
:focus stateThe above example input uses custom styles in our documentation to demonstrate the :focus state on a .form-control.
<input class="form-control col-sm-3" id="focusedInput" type="text" value="This is focused...">
Add the disabled attribute on an input to prevent user input and trigger a slightly different look.
<input class="form-control col-sm-3" id="disabledInput" type="text" placeholder="Disabled input here..." disabled>
Add the disabled attribute to a <fieldset> to disable all the controls within the <fieldset> at once.
<a>By default, browsers will treat all native form controls (<input>, <select> and <button> elements) inside a <fieldset disabled> as disabled, preventing both keyboard and mouse interactions on them. However, if your form also includes <a ... class="btn btn-*"> elements, these will only be given a style of pointer-events: none. As noted in the section about disabled state for buttons (and specifically in the sub-section for anchor elements), this CSS property is not yet standardized and isn't fully supported in Opera 18 and below, or in Internet Explorer 11, and won't prevent keyboard users from being able to focus or activate these links. So to be safe, use custom JavaScript to disable such links.
While Bootstrap will apply these styles in all browsers, Internet Explorer 11 and below don't fully support the disabled attribute on a <fieldset>. Use custom JavaScript to disable the fieldset in these browsers.
<form role="form">
<fieldset disabled>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2" for="disabledTextInput">Disabled input</label>
<input type="text" id="disabledTextInput" class="form-control col-sm-3" placeholder="Disabled input">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2" for="disabledSelect">Disabled select menu</label>
<select id="disabledSelect" class="form-control col-sm-3">
<option>Disabled select</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Can't check this
</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
</fieldset>
</form>
Add the readonly boolean attribute on an input to prevent user input and style the input as disabled.
<input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Readonly input here…" readonly>Bootstrap includes validation styles for error, warning, and success states on form controls. To use, add .has-warning or .has-error to the parent element. Any .control-label, .form-control, and .help-block within that element will receive the validation styles.
Using these validation styles to denote the state of a form control only provides a visual indication, which will not be conveyed to users of assistive technologies – such as screen readers.
Ensure that an alternative indication of state is also provided. For instance, you can include a hint about state in the form control's <label> text itself (as is the case in the following code example), or associate an additional element with textual information about the validation state with the form control using aria-describedby (see the example in the following section). In the case of an error, you could also use the aria-invalid="true" attribute on the form control.
<div class="form-group has-warning">
<label class="control-label" for="inputWarning1">Input with warning</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputWarning1">
</div>
<div class="form-group has-error">
<label class="control-label" for="inputError1">Input with error</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputError1">
</div>
Required fields use .required class.
<div class="form-group required">
<label class="control-label col-sm-2" for="required">Required input</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control col-sm-3" id="required">
</div>
Set heights using classes like .input-lg, and set widths using grid column classes like .col-lg-*.
Create larger or smaller form controls that match button sizes.
<input class="form-control input-lg col-sm-3" type="text" placeholder=".input-lg">
<input class="form-control col-sm-3" type="text" placeholder="Default input">
<select class="form-control input-lg col-sm-3">...</select>
<select class="form-control col-sm-3">...</select>
Quickly size labels and form controls within .form-horizontal by adding .form-group-lg.
<form class="form-horizontal" role="form">
<div class="form-group form-group-lg">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label" for="formGroupInputLarge">Large label</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input class="form-control" type="text" id="formGroupInputLarge" placeholder="Large input">
</div>
</div>
</form>Wrap inputs in grid columns, or any custom parent element, to easily enforce desired widths.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-2">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=".col-xs-2">
</div>
<div class="col-xs-3">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=".col-xs-3">
</div>
<div class="col-xs-4">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=".col-xs-4">
</div>
</div>
Form groups using <fieldset> tag. Using the grid classes col-md-* in order to arrange the boxes.
<form role="form">
<fieldset class="col-md-6" >
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-5" for="Loremipsum">Lorem ipsum</label>
<input type="text" id="Loremipsum" class="form-control col-sm-7" placeholder="Loremipsum">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-5" for="Quisque">Quisque</label>
<select id="Quisque" class="form-control col-sm-7">
<option>Quisque 1</option>
<option>Quisque 2</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group disabled">
<label class="col-sm-5" for="Disabled">Disabled</label>
<input type="text" id="Disabled" class="form-control col-sm-7" placeholder="Disabled">
</div>
</fieldset>
<fieldset class="col-md-6" >
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-5" for="Curabituraliquet">Curabitur aliquet</label>
<input type="text" id="Curabituraliquet" class="form-control col-sm-7" placeholder="Curabitur aliquet">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-5" for="Pellentesque">Pellentesque</label>
<input type="text" id="Pellentesque" class="form-control col-sm-7" placeholder="Pellentesque">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-5" for="Sedtempus">Sed tempus</label>
<input type="text" id="Sedtempus" class="form-control col-sm-7" placeholder="Sed tempus">
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
<form role="form">
<fieldset class="col-md-12" >
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-5" for="Loremipsum2">Lorem ipsum</label>
<input type="text" id="Loremipsum2" class="form-control col-sm-7" placeholder="Loremipsum">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-5" for="Quisque2">Quisque</label>
<input type="text" id="Quisque2" class="form-control col-sm-7" placeholder="Quisque">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-5" for="Vivamuseu2">Vivamus eu</label>
<input type="text" id="Vivamuseu2" class="form-control col-sm-7" placeholder="Vivamus eu">
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
Block level help text for form controls.
Help text should be explicitly associated with the form control it relates to using the aria-describedby attribute. This will ensure that assistive technologies – such as screen readers – will announce this help text when the user focuses or enters the control.
<span class="help-block">A block of help text that breaks onto a new line and may extend beyond one line.</span>
Use the button classes on an <a>, <button>, or <input> element.
<a class="btn btn-default" href="#" role="button">Link</a>
<button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Button</button>
<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="Input">
<input class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="Submit">
<a class="btn btn-primary" href="#" role="button">Primary Link</a>
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Primary Button</button>
<input class="btn btn-primary" type="button" value="Primary Input">
<input class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" value="Primary Submit">
Use any of the available button classes to quickly create a styled button.
<!-- Standard button -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Default</button>
<!-- Primary button -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Primary</button>
<!-- Deemphasize a button by making it look like a link while maintaining button behavior -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">Link</button>
Add and additional <span> inside the <div class="btn btn-primary"> also add .left or .right class together with .btn class for the direction needed.
<button class="btn left" href="##"><span>Back</span></button>
<button class="btn right" href="##"><span>Forward</span></button>
<button class="btn left btn-primary" href="##"><span>Back primary</span></button>
<button class="btn right btn-primary" href="##"><span>Forward primary</span></button>
Fancy larger or regular buttons? Add .btn-lg for large sizes, and keep just .btn for the regular size.
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg">Large button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg">Large button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Default button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Default button</button>
<button class="btn btn-lg left"><span>Large button</span></button>
<button class="btn btn-lg right"><span>Large button</span></button>
<button class="btn left"><span>Default button</span></button>
<button class="btn right"><span>Default button</span></button>
<button class="btn btn-lg left btn-primary"><span>Large button</span></button>
<button class="btn btn-lg right btn-primary"><span>Large button</span></button>
<button class="btn left btn-primary"><span>Default button</span></button>
<button class="btn right btn-primary"><span>Default button</span></button>
Create block level buttons—those that span the full width of a parent— by adding .btn-block.
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-block">Block level button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg btn-block">Block level button</button>
Buttons will appear pressed (with a darker background, darker border, and inset shadow) when active. For <button> elements, this is done via :active. For <a> elements, it's done with .active. However, you may use .active on <button>s (and include the aria-pressed="true" attribute) should you need to replicate the active state programmatically.
No need to add :active as it's a pseudo-class, but if you need to force the same appearance, go ahead and add .active.
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary active">Primary button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default active">Button</button>
Add the .active class to <a> buttons.
<a href="#" class="btn btn-primary active" role="button">Primary link</a>
<a href="#" class="btn btn-default active" role="button">Link</a>
Make buttons look unclickable by changing the background color.
Add the disabled attribute to <button> buttons.
<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary" disabled="disabled">Primary button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg" disabled="disabled">Button</button>
If you add the disabled attribute to a <button>, Internet Explorer 9 and below will render text gray with a nasty text-shadow that we cannot fix.
Add the .disabled class to <a> buttons.
<a href="#" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg disabled" role="button">Primary link</a>
<a href="#" class="btn btn-default btn-lg disabled" role="button">Link</a>
We use .disabled as a utility class here, similar to the common .active class, so no prefix is required.
This class uses pointer-events: none to try to disable the link functionality of <a>s, but that CSS property is not yet standardized and isn't fully supported in Opera 18 and below, or in Internet Explorer 11. In addition, even in browsers that do support pointer-events: none, keyboard navigation remains unaffected, meaning that sighted keyboard users and users of assistive technologies will still be able to activate these links. So to be safe, use custom JavaScript to disable such links.
Images in Bootstrap 3 can be made responsive-friendly via the addition of the .img-responsive class. This applies max-width: 100%; and height: auto; to the image so that it scales nicely to the parent element.
In Internet Explorer 8-10, SVG images with .img-responsive are disproportionately sized. To fix this, add width: 100% \9; where necessary. Bootstrap doesn't apply this automatically as it causes complications to other image formats.
<img src="..." class="img-responsive" alt="Responsive image">Add classes to an <img> element to easily style images in any project.
Keep in mind that Internet Explorer 8 lacks support for rounded corners.
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded">
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle">
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail">
Convey meaning through color with a handful of emphasis utility classes. These may also be applied to links and will darken on hover just like our default link styles.
Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris nibh.
Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.
Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.
Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna.
Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.
<p class="text-muted">...</p>
<p class="text-primary">...</p>
<p class="text-success">...</p>
<p class="text-info">...</p>
<p class="text-warning">...</p>
<p class="text-danger">...</p>
Sometimes emphasis classes cannot be applied due to the specificity of another selector. In most cases, a sufficient workaround is to wrap your text in a <span> with the class.
Using color to add meaning only provides a visual indication, which will not be conveyed to users of assistive technologies – such as screen readers. Ensure that information denoted by the color is either obvious from the content itself (the contextual colors are only used to reinforce meaning that is already present in the text/markup), or is included through alternative means, such as additional text hidden with the .sr-only class.
Similar to the contextual text color classes, easily set the background of an element to any contextual class. Anchor components will darken on hover, just like the text classes.
Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.
Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.
Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna.
Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.
<p class="bg-primary">...</p>
<p class="bg-success">...</p>
<p class="bg-info">...</p>
<p class="bg-warning">...</p>
<p class="bg-danger">...</p>
Sometimes contextual background classes cannot be applied due to the specificity of another selector. In some cases, a sufficient workaround is to wrap your element's content in a <div> with the class.
As with contextual colors, ensure that any meaning conveyed through color is also conveyed in a format that is not purely presentational.
Use the generic close icon for dismissing content like modals and alerts.
<button type="button" class="close" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>Use carets to indicate dropdown functionality and direction. Note that the default caret will reverse automatically in dropup menus.
<span class="caret"></span>
Float an element to the left or right with a class. !important is included to avoid specificity issues. Classes can also be used as mixins.
<div class="pull-left">...</div>
<div class="pull-right">...</div>
// Classes
.pull-left {
float: left !important;
}
.pull-right {
float: right !important;
}
// Usage as mixins
.element {
.pull-left();
}
.another-element {
.pull-right();
}To align components in navbars with utility classes, use .navbar-left or .navbar-right instead. See the navbar docs for details.
Set an element to display: block and center via margin. Available as a mixin and class.
<div class="center-block">...</div>
// Classes
.center-block {
display: block;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
// Usage as mixins
.element {
.center-block();
}
Easily clear floats by adding .clearfix to the parent element. Utilizes the micro clearfix as popularized by Nicolas Gallagher. Can also be used as a mixin.
Usage as a class
<div class="clearfix">...</div>
// Mixin itself
.clearfix() {
&:before,
&:after {
content: " ";
display: table;
}
&:after {
clear: both;
}
}
// Usage as a Mixin
.element {
.clearfix();
}
Force an element to be shown or hidden (including for screen readers) with the use of .show and .hidden classes. These classes use !important to avoid specificity conflicts, just like the quick floats. They are only available for block level toggling. They can also be used as mixins.
.hide is available, but it does not always affect screen readers and is deprecated as of v3.0.1. Use .hidden or .sr-only instead.
Furthermore, .invisible can be used to toggle only the visibility of an element, meaning its display is not modified and the element can still affect the flow of the document.
<div class="show">...</div>
<div class="hidden">...</div>
// Classes
.show {
display: block !important;
}
.hidden {
display: none !important;
visibility: hidden !important;
}
.invisible {
visibility: hidden;
}
// Usage as mixins
.element {
.show();
}
.another-element {
.hidden();
}
.and-another-element {
.invisible();
}
Hide an element to all devices except screen readers with .sr-only. Combine .sr-only with .sr-only-focusable to show the element again when it's focused (e.g. by a keyboard-only user).
<a class="sr-only sr-only-focusable" href="#content">Skip to main content</a>// Usage as a Mixin
.skip-navigation() {
.sr-only();
.sr-only-focusable();
}Utilize the .text-hide class or mixin to help replace an element's text content with a background image.
<h1 class="text-hide">Custom heading</h1>
// Usage as a Mixin
.heading {
.text-hide();
}
For faster mobile-friendly development, use these utility classes for showing and hiding content by device via media query. Also included are utility classes for toggling content when printed.
Try to use these on a limited basis and avoid creating entirely different versions of the same site. Instead, use them to complement each device's presentation.
Use a single or combination of the available classes for toggling content across viewport breakpoints.
| Extra small devices Phones (<768px) | Small devices Tablets (≥768px) | Medium devices Desktops (≥992px) | Large devices Desktops (≥1200px) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
.visible-xs |
Visible | Hidden | Hidden | Hidden |
.visible-sm |
Hidden | Visible | Hidden | Hidden |
.visible-md |
Hidden | Hidden | Visible | Hidden |
.visible-lg |
Hidden | Hidden | Hidden | Visible |
.hidden-xs |
Hidden | Visible | Visible | Visible |
.hidden-sm |
Visible | Hidden | Visible | Visible |
.hidden-md |
Visible | Visible | Hidden | Visible |
.hidden-lg |
Visible | Visible | Visible | Hidden |
As of v3.2.0, the .visible-*-* classes for each breakpoint come in three variations, one for each CSS display property value listed below.
| Group of classes | CSS display |
|---|---|
.visible-*-block |
display: block; |
.visible-*-inline |
display: inline; |
.visible-*-inline-block |
display: inline-block; |
So, for extra small (xs) screens for example, the available .visible-*-* classes are: .visible-xs-block, .visible-xs-inline, and .visible-xs-inline-block.
The classes .visible-xs, .visible-sm, .visible-md, and .visible-lg also exist, but are deprecated as of v3.2.0. They are approximately equivalent to .visible-*-block, except with additional special cases for toggling <table>-related elements.
Similar to the regular responsive classes, use these for toggling content for print.
| Classes | Browser | |
|---|---|---|
.visible-print-block.visible-print-inline.visible-print-inline-block
|
Hidden | Visible |
.hidden-print |
Visible | Hidden |
The class .visible-print also exists but is deprecated as of v3.2.0. It is approximately equivalent to .visible-print-block, except with additional special cases for <table>-related elements.
Resize your browser or load on different devices to test the responsive utility classes.
Green checkmarks indicate the element is visible in your current viewport.
Here, green checkmarks also indicate the element is hidden in your current viewport.
Bootstrap's CSS is built on Less, a preprocessor with additional functionality like variables, mixins, and functions for compiling CSS. Those looking to use the source Less files instead of our compiled CSS files can make use of the numerous variables and mixins we use throughout the framework.
Grid variables and mixins are covered within the Grid system section.
Bootstrap can be used in at least two ways: with the compiled CSS or with the source Less files.
Third party compilation tools may work with Bootstrap, but they are not supported by our core team.
Variables are used throughout the entire project as a way to centralize and share commonly used values like colors, spacing, or font stacks.
@base-color: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
@link-color: Nulla a gravida felis. Nullam interdum aliquet velit.
@required-color: Nulla eu aliquam sapien. Aliquam vestibulum, arcu et gravida rutrum.
@disabled-color: Sed libero nisl, mollis imperdiet commodo a, volutpat in magna.
@base-color: #202020;
@link-color: #0085c7;
@required-color: #d20000;
@disabled-color: #828282;
Use any of these color variables as they are or reassign them to more meaningful variables for your project.
// Use as-is
p {
color: @base-color;
}
A handful of variables for quickly customizing key elements of your site's skeleton.
// Scaffolding
@contentBgColor: #f2f2f2;
@inputColor: @base-color;
Easily style your links with the right color with only one value.
// Variables
@link-color: #4f82c7;
// Usage
a {
color: @link-color;
text-decoration: none;
&:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
}
Easily set your type face, text size, leading, and more with a few quick variables. Bootstrap makes use of these as well to provide easy typographic mixins.
@font-family-base: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
@font-size-base: 11px;
@line-height-base: 11px;
Components throughout Bootstrap make use of some default variables for setting common values. Here are the most commonly used.
@border-radius-base: 4px;
Utility mixins are mixins that combine otherwise unrelated CSS properties to achieve a specific goal or task.
Forget adding class="clearfix" to any element and instead add the .clearfix() mixin where appropriate. Uses the micro clearfix from Nicolas Gallagher.
// Mixin
.clearfix() {
&:before,
&:after {
content: " ";
display: table;
}
&:after {
clear: both;
}
}
// Usage
.container {
.clearfix();
}Quickly center any element within its parent. Requires width or max-width to be set.
// Mixin
.center-block() {
display: block;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
// Usage
.container {
width: 940px;
.center-block();
}